There is limited information available on the evaluation of placebo or nocebo effects itch. The present study developed a search strategy using PubMed to evaluate literature related and/or identified 65 articles. After independent review each article, 10 studies were selected for inclusion. These varied, in terms methods and outcome measures. Overall, verbal suggestion, conditioning, topical th...

Pain from the female reproductive tract (FRT) is a significant clinical problem for which there are few effective therapies. The complex neuroanatomy of pelvic organs not only makes diagnosis of pelvic pain disorders difficult but represents a challenge to development of targeted therapies. A number of potential therapeutic targets have been identified on sensory neurons supplying the FRT but o...

Patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) are often of advanced age or immunocompromised and likely to have ≥1 comorbid medical condition for which they receive ≥1 medication (polypharmacy). Comorbidities affecting renal or hepatic function can alter pharmacokinetics, thereby impacting the efficacy or tolerability of PHN analgesic therapies. Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, or psychiatric como...

Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the most common potentially malignant disorder of the oral mucosa. The etiological role of Candida in leukoplakia has been a subject of debate in recent years. Candida invasion has been suggested to be a significant risk factor for malignant transformation of OL and also it may be associated with certain clinical characteristics such as lesion type, size, and site, dysp...

Patterned hair loss (PHL) is one of the most commonly encountered problems for dermatologists. PHL at an early age is often cosmetically unacceptable, tends to be persistent and inflicts a profound negative impact on one’s quality of life. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) affects both genders in a distinctive pattern of hair loss from the scalp (MPHL for male PHL and FPHL or female PHL). The etiopat...

conclusions this study showed that topical glycyrrhiza glabra appeared to be a promising alternative in the treatment of olp. further studies should be conducted to assess the long-term effects of glycyrrhiza glabra. objectives the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of 1% glycyrrhiza glabra in orabase with 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide paste in treating oral lichen planus (...

INTRODUCTION Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown cause. The management of sarcoidosis remains problematic. Systemic and topical corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy but may cause unacceptable side effects. Biologic therapies, such as infliximab, have recently been proposed as another treatment option for cutaneous sarcoidosis. CASE REPORT The authors describe thr...

Nutritional supplementation may provide a viable treatment alternative in patients with psoriasis. Randomized, controlled trials have shown the effectiveness of topical vitamin A and D derivatives, intravenous ω-3 fatty acids, oral inositol, and various combined therapies. Dual therapies of ultraviolet B phototherapy and fish oil, retinoids and thiazolidinediones, and cyclosporine and a low-cal...

BACKGROUND Numerous therapeutic modalities have been proposed to treat the manifestations of pachyonychia congenita (PC). While research hopes lie with molecular therapies, patients are in need of answers regarding the efficacy of conventional treatments. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine patients' experience and preferences regarding conventional treatments for PC. METHODS The study population...

INTRALESIONAL HYALURONIDASE WITH TRIAMCINOLONE FOR RECALCITRANT PRETIBIAL MYXEDEMA Abstract Pretibial myxedema resulting in progressively worsening cutaneous induration and expanding nodules can lead to pain, discomfort and functional impairment. Treatment of resistant lesions presents a special challenge whereby topical therapies are insufficient, and systemic therapies are met with poor toler...