In this paper two concepts for modelling 3D topography are introduced. The first concept is a very pragmatic approach of 3D modelling, trying to model as much as possible in (less complicated) 2.5D and use 3D modelling only in exceptional cases. The idea is to use a constrained TIN in 2.5D and place 3D TENs on top or below this surface. As both data structures use the same simplexes (nodes, edg...

This PhD research thesis was funded by the ISES (Netherlands Research Centre for Integrated Solid Earth Sciences) and it was accomplished within the framework of the PannCarp integrated programme (The Pannonian-Carpathian area: Tectonic topography and the aftermath of continental collision). The fundamental objectives of this study were: to solve the riddle of the upper crustal architecture puz...

Using high-resolution stacks of precursors to the seismic phase SS, we investigated seismic discontinuities associated with mineralogical phase changes approximately 410 and 660 kilometers (km) deep within Earth beneath South America and the surrounding oceans. Detailed maps of phase boundary topography revealed deep 410- and 660-km discontinuities in the down-dip direction of subduction, incon...

[1] Short‐time (<10 s) ionospheric current fluctuations are hypothesized to occur due to a coronal mass ejection that can induce high‐level transient voltages on long overhead power transmission lines. This hypothesis is first supported by reviewing published literature and recent magnetometer measurements, both of which indicate the existence of such rapid ionospheric current fluctuations. The...

A review of non-local, deep transport mechanisms in the atmosphere of Earth provides a good foundation for examining whether similar mechanisms are operating in the atmospheres of Mars and Titan. On Earth, deep convective clouds in the tropics constitute the upward branch of the Hadley Cell and provide a conduit through which energy, moisture, momentum, aerosols, and chemical species are moved ...

The Earth is undergoing an accelerated rate of native ecosystem conversion and degradation and there is increased interest in measuring and modelling biodiversity from space. Biogeographers have a long-standing interest in measuring patterns of species occurrence and distributional movements and an interest in modelling species distributions and patterns of diversity. Much progress has been mad...

This report addresses the problem of extracting topographic features from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) imagery. The features are used for Earth science applications and include slope, curvature, aspect, flow direction, flow accumulation and compound topographic index (CTI). The objective of our work is (1) to support topographic feature extraction similar to the one in ArcGIS, (2) to...

We analyze errors in the global bathymetry models of Smith and Sandwell that combine satellite altimetry with acoustic soundings and shorelines to estimate depths. Versions of these models have been incorporated into Google Earth and the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO). We use Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) multibeam surveys not previously incorpo...

The aim of this paper is to summarize the results of experiments carried out at our laboratory on the response of the work function of several thin films of transition metals and rare earth metals to interaction with molecular hydrogen. The main focus concerns the description of surface phenomena accompanying the reaction of hydride formation as a result of the adsorbate’s incorporation into th...