Although bioreactor landfills have many advantages associated with them, challenges remain, including the persistence of ammonia-nitrogen in the leachate. It has been suggested that ammonia-nitrogen is one of the most significant long-term pollution problem in landfills and is likely a parameter that will determine when landfill postclosure monitoring may end. The fate of nitrogen in bioreactor...

AIM The present study was conducted to examine the rumen modulatory effect of thyme, clove and peppermint oils on rumen fermentation pattern in vitro using roughage based diet. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thyme, clove and peppermint oils were tested at concentration of 0, 30, 300 and 600 mg/l (ppm) of total culture fluid using in vitro gas production technique in wheat straw based diet (concentrate...

Human urine offers some interesting possibilities for ammonia and potable water recovery. Membrane distillation holds possible advantages over existing urine treatment technologies, specifically regarding ammonia recovery. It was shown that up to 95 m% of all ammonia present in hydrolyzed urine could be recovered by increasing the urine pH to 10.5 or higher within a period of 2 hours, with a ma...

The nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between rhizobia and legume plants is a model of coevolved nutritional complementation. The plants reduce atmospheric CO(2) by photosynthesis and provide carbon compounds to symbiotically associated bacteria; the rhizobia use these compounds to reduce (fix) atmospheric N(2) to ammonia, a form of nitrogen the plants can use. A key feature of symbiotic N(2) fixation ...

Nitrifying biofilters are used in aquaria and aquaculture systems to prevent accumulation of ammonia by promoting rapid conversion to nitrate via nitrite. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), as opposed to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), were recently identified as the dominant ammonia oxidizers in most freshwater aquaria. This study investigated biofilms from fixed-bed aquarium biofilters to ass...

A study was carried out to investigate nitrogen metabolism in response to cecal ligation and colostomy in chickens. We used colostomized plus ceca-ligated chickens fed a low protein diet or a low protein diet supplemented with urea. When both types of diets were fed, nitrogen balance and utilization tended to increase by cecal ligation while total nitrogen excretion tended to decrease. Colostom...

In an earlier publication’ dealing with a micro method for the estimation of urea in blood, I also described a micro method for the estimation of ammonia in blood and in organic secretions. For the determination of the ammonia two analyses are made; in the first the total urea plus ammonia is determined; and in the second the urea alone after the ammonia has been removed by evaporating the bloo...

A full-scale treatment system for swine manure was developed to eliminate discharge to surface and ground waters and contamination of soil and groundwater by nutrients and heavy metals, along with related release of ammonia, odor, and pathogens. The system greatly increased the efficiency of liquid-solid separation by polymer injection to increase solids flocculation. Nitrogen management to red...

Constructed wetlands have been used effectively to reduce the mass loads of organic and nutrient components from swine anaerobic lagoons. Continuous marsh wetlands with gentle slope and intermittent flows seem to be the best for promoting oxidation and minimizing ammonia volatilization. However, the pond section of the marsh-pond-marsh section could potentially be effectively aerated by mechani...

Two in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of novel urease inhibitor hydroquinone (HQ) on ammonia release rate from urea hydrolysis, nitrogen balance, nutrient digestibility and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. In Exp. 1, twelve crossbred cannulated lambs were randomly assigned within initial body weight block to one of four HQ treatments, which included 0 (control)...