Irregularities are inherent to virtually all fibers, including the conventional textile fibers, the high-performance brittle fibers and newly developed nano-fibers. These irregularities can fall into two main categories: dimensional or geometrical irregularity (external) and structural irregularity (internal). For natural fibers such as wool, diameter variation along fiber length is atypical ex...

In this paper, we present a characterization, through its convergence analysis, and an optimisation of a joint source-channel receiver composed of a LDPC decoder and a Soft Input Soft Output (SISO) source decoder. Under Gaussian approximation, assuming the knowledge of the extrinsic mutual information transfer function (EXIT chart) of the source decoder, we derive the Mutual Information evoluti...

In a text-to-speech (TTS) system a proper prosody control is necessary for natural synthetic speech. But synthetic speech generated by regular rules can make a listener irritated and bored, because the implemented prosody is always same for the same sentence. In this paper, the randomness of the prosodic boundary index (PBI), as a primary study on irregularity of prosody is discussed. We examin...

In previous work, the author has extended the concept of regular and irregular primes to the setting of arbitrary totally real number fields k0, using the values of the zeta function ζk0 at negative integers as our “higher Bernoulli numbers”. In the case where k0 is a real quadratic field, Siegel presented two formulas for calculating these zeta-values: one using entirely elementary methods and...

Let R be a commutative ring and Z(R) the set of all zero divisors R. Γ(R) is said to divisor graph if x,y ∈ V (Γ(R)) = (x,y) E(Γ(R)) only x.y 0. In this paper, we determine total vertex irregularity strength graphs associated with rings ℤp2 × Zq for p,q prime numbers.

With the fast development of wearable medical device in recent years, it becomes critical to conduct research on continuously measured physiological signals. Entropy is a key metric for quantifying the irregularity and/or complexity contained in human physiological signals. In this review, we focus on exploring how entropy changes in various physiological signals in cardiovascular diseases. Our...

Our aim was to evaluate the long-term treatment outcome of a systematically applied orthodontic screening and early treatment strategy in a public dental health care system, with special reference to occlusal stability at least 5 years post-retention. The subjects (N = 68) belonged to one age cohort born in a Finnish rural municipality (N = 85), and they were regularly followed from 8 to 20 yea...