Perspectives Tudor Hart's inverse care law, set out in an article in The Lancet in 1971, states that the availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the need of the population served. 1 Referring to the national health service (NHS) of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the author argued that the state must play a role in ensuring the health and well-be...

BACKGROUND Half of the population of Africa will soon live in towns and cities where it can be protected from malaria by controlling aquatic stages of mosquitoes. Rigorous but affordable and scaleable methods for mapping and managing mosquito habitats are required to enable effective larval control in urban Africa. METHODS A simple community-based mapping procedure that requires no electronic...

Public lighting represents a large part of the energy consumption of towns and cities. Efficient management of public lighting can entail significant energy savings. This work presents a smart system for managing public lighting networks based on wireless communication and the DALI protocol. Wireless communication entails significant economic savings, as there is no need to install new wiring a...

Many communities in Mozambique fi nd themselves in the rural-urban interface, either Many communities in Mozambique fi nd themselves in the rural-urban interface, either by being small towns or rural areas in the vicinity of cities. There is growing evidence by being small towns or rural areas in the vicinity of cities. There is growing evidence that the households and individuals who manage to...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Equality in distribution of health care facilities is the main cause for access and enjoyment to the health. The aim of this study was to examine the regional disparities in health care facilities across the Markazi province. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. Study sample included the cities of Markazi province, ranked based on 15 health indices. Data was coll...

The largest city of Bulgaria – the capital Sofia (1,2 million inhabitants) is located in a broad valley at 550 m a.s.l. (above sea level) and the second largest town is Plovdiv at the Maritza river. Other major towns are located at the Black-sea cost (Varna and Bourgas), and there are a number of smaller towns in mountainous regions. Local circulation systems are therefore significant for the a...