There are two approaches to the determination of maximum permissible concentrations in urine (M.V.C.'s). The first is the direct method of comparing the concentration of toxic substances with the incidence of symptoms of intoxication. The second is the indirect approach of considering the worker as a sampling device and relating the urinary excretion to the atmospheric concentration to which th...

Heavy metal pollution represents an important environmental problem due to the toxic effects of metals. Their accumulation throughout the food chain leads to serious ecological and health problems. The remediation of environments metal contaminated through physico-chemical methods present major disadvantages such as high energy consumption, high costs and incomplete removal of metal ions. Bioso...

Lake Taihu is the third-largest freshwater lake in China and has been suffering from cyanobacterial blooms for over two decades. The northern part of the lake, Meiliang Bay, is known to be at high risk of dense and sustained Microcystis blooms and toxins. This study aimed to investigate and record the annual and seasonal dynamics of toxic genotype, Microcystis morphospecies succession and micro...

OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between plasma zinc values and the severity of dengue viral infection (DVI) and DVI-caused hepatitis. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted during 2008-2010 in hospitalized children aged <15 years confirmed with DVI. Complete blood count, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and zinc values (mcg/dL) were determine...

Cadmium is considered one of the most toxic, non biodegradable heavy metal for the human and animals. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the changes in biochemical parameters of blood and accumulation of cadmium in various tissue caused by various levels of dietary cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in broiler chicks. CdCl2 was administered through drinking water to broiler chicks. In sp...

The discharge of potentially toxic trace metals into the environment has become a global problem. As a result of industrial activities and technological development, the amount of heavy metal ions discharged into streams and rivers by industrial and municipal waste-water have been increasing. In addition to natural sources of heavy metals (i.e. geologic weathering, volcanic activity, and animal...

BACKGROUND Contamination of water by toxic chemicals has become commonly recognized as an environmental concern. Based on our clinical observation in Mashhad, northeastern Iran, many people might be at risk of exposure to high concentrations of toxic heavy metals in water. Because wastewater effluents as well as water wells have been commonly used for irrigation over the past decades, there has...

Sarin (GB) vapor exposure is associated with both systemic and local toxic effects occurring primarily via the inhalation and ocular routes. The objective of these studies was to develop models for predicting dose-response effects of GB vapor concentrations as a function of exposure duration. Thus, the probability of GB vapor-induced lethality was estimated in rats exposed to various combinatio...

the present investigation was performed to determine the effect of long-term administration of sodium selenite on the biochemical indices and concentration of thyroid hormones in calves. sodium selenite solution was drenched at 0.1 and 0.25 mg per kg body weight for 12 weeks. higher dose produced characteristic symptoms of selenosis whereas mild symptoms were observed with lower dose. the toxic...

BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Consumption of fish is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk, but there is paucity of data concerning its effect on endothelial function. Furthermore, investigation of the effects of fish consumption on health must take into account the ingestion of contaminants, including transition metals and some met...