Levothyroxine suppressive treatment of solitary thyroid nodules is controversial. A 1-yr prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of T4 on nodule volume and bone mineral density, and meta-analyses were performed to examine the quantitative synthesis of data from similar designed controlled trials. Forty-five euthyroid patients (42 females, age range: ...

BACKGROUND Primary aldosteronism is the most common form of secondary hypertension. Somatic mutations in KCNJ5, ATP1A1, ATP2B3 and CACNA1D are found in aldosterone producing adenoma. Additionally, adrenals with aldosterone producing adenomas show cortical remodeling and frequently multiple secondary nodules. Our aim was to investigate whether different aldosterone producing nodules from the sam...

Root nodulation in actinorhizal plants, like Discaria trinervis and Alnus incana, is subject to feedback regulatory mechanisms that control infection by Frankia and nodule development. Nodule pattern in the root system is controlled by an autoregulatory process that is induced soon after inoculation with Frankia. The final number of nodules, as well as nodule biomass in relation to plant biomas...

Nodulation, nodule development and senescence directly affects nitrogen fixation efficiency, and previous studies have shown that inhibition of some cysteine proteases delay nodule senescence, so their nature inhibitors, cystatin genes, are very important in nodulation, nodule development, and senescence. Although several cystatins are actively transcribed in soybean nodules, their exact roles ...

BACKGROUND Nodular gastritis (NG) is associated with the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection, but there are controversies on nodule regression in adults. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors that are related to the nodule regression in adults diagnosed as NG. METHODS Adult population who were diagnosed as NG with H. pylori infection during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) at...

The Zenker’s diverticulum is the most common of esophagus. It commonly occurs at pharyngoesophageal junction that can appear in proximity to thyroid gland. food remnants or gas bubbles present may mimic microcalcifications presented papillary carcinoma on ultrasonography. Therefore, it important be able differentiate between and malignant nodule. author reported a case mimicking nodule