Rabbits weighing approximately two kilograms were used as the experimental animals. They were maintained on a fasting regime, which began 24 hours before the injection of the toxin and continued thereafter. Water was always present in the cages. Three groups were studied. The first group of 5 animals served as fasting controls. Each of the second group (6 animals) received intravenously 3 minim...

BACKGROUND The authors report a case of a rare complication that occurred after botulinum toxin injection to the extraocular muscle, which was easily overlooked and successfully corrected by surgery. CASE PRESENTATION A 34-year-old female patient visited our clinic for diplopia and ocular motility disorder after removal of an epidermoid tumor of the brain. At her initial visit, her best-corre...

Evolution of pest resistance reduces the efficacy of insecticidal proteins from the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) used widely in sprays and transgenic crops. Recent efforts to delay pest adaptation to Bt crops focus primarily on combinations of two or more Bt toxins that kill the same pest, but this approach is often compromised because resistance to one Bt toxin causes cr...

In this work, the performances of two electrochemical cells, a conventional liquid-electrolyte electrolyzer (LEE) and solid-electrolyte (SEE) were compared for treatment real water matrixes polluted with microcystin-LR at trace concentrations. The first consists single-compartment flow cell, while second membrane-electrode assembly cell. Both cells can attain removal microcystin, although toxin...

Studies on the metabolism of Corynebacterium diphtheriae have furnished evidence that diphtheria toxin is closely related to the protein moiety of diphtherial cytochrome b (8). These observations, in turn, have suggested the possibility that diphtheria toxin may exert its injurious action on the tissues of susceptible animals by interfering in some way with the normal functioning of the cytochr...

To date, the high cost of supplying UV irradiation has prevented widespread application photolysis and titanium dioxide based photocatalysis in removing undesirable organics water treatment sector. overcome this problem, use UV-LEDs (365 nm) for heterogeneous applying TiO2 coated glass beads under UV-LED illumination a pilot scale reactor elimination Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7813 four microcys...

Pain, especially chronic pain lasts prolonged weariness, usually persistent and recurring. Thus, is often found in patients with Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP). One alternative treatment to reduce low back cupping therapy. The main principle of therapy using negative pressure attract toxin substances, free radicals the blood, inflammation cells, metabolic waste or Causative Pathological Substance...

Background: Use of botulinum toxin is becoming a popular way in treatment of some forms of strabismus.To evaluate the morphological changes in the orbital surface layer muscles of the rabbit eye following a single injection of botulinum toxin. Methods: 10 white Dutch rabbits weighing 2–3 kg received either 10 units (group 1; n=5) or 20 units (group 2; n=5) of botulinum toxin into the superior r...

Introduction and aim of the study: Botulinum toxin, produced by anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum family, is one most potent organic compounds known to man. Despite its toxicity, it has found widespread use in medicine. From applications aesthetic medicine, through treatment various disease entities, toxin become an extremely valuable tool hands doctors. The this study review latest rese...

Clay minerals have previously been used to mitigate algal blooms because of their ability to flocculate algal cells or remove nutrients, but also offer considerable potential to remove ichthyotoxins. When a barramundi farm in tropical Australia suffered substantial fish mortalities due to a bloom of the ichthyotoxic haptophyte Prymnesium parvum, the farm manager decided to manipulate pond water...