At the Mayo Health System in LaCrosse, Wisconsin, there are >1000 infant total parenteral nutrition (TPN) orders placed per year. It is the most complicated order that the pharmacy fills, so a recent peer-review article in Pediatrics moved a group of us to action at our center to buy or develop a TPN calculator. We did this because no stand-alone commercial calculators were available to us, and...

To examine changes in the folate concentrations in red cell during relatively long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN), 10 Japanese patients with Crohn's disease (7 males), the mean Crohn's disease activity index on admission being 211, were given folic acid in a dose of 400 micrograms/day (AMA-FDA formulation) or 800 micrograms/day for 6-16 weeks (mean 10.5). The red cell folate concentratio...

BACKGROUND: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is defined as the malabsorptive state that often follows massive resection of the small intestine. Most cases originate in the newborn period and result from congenital anomalies. It is associated with a high morbidity, is potentially lethal and often requires months, sometimes years, in the hospital and home on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Long-term ...

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether acute changes in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system induced by mild surgical trauma/fasting or endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] are differentially modulated by total enteral nutrition (TEN) or total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Rats had vascular catheters and a gastrostomy tube surgically placed and were fasted overnight. The...

We examined the relation between nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion and the islet lysosome acid glucan-1,4-alpha-glucosidase system in rats undergoing total parenteral nutrition (TPN). During TPN treatment, serum glucose was normal, but free fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol were elevated. Islets from TPN-infused rats showed increased basal insulin release, a normal insulin respons...

It has been claimed that lipid emulsions with a restricted linoleic acid content can improve the safety of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The tolerability of TPN and its effects on the metabolism of fatty acids were assessed in this prospective, double-blind, randomised study comparing an olive/soyabean oil long-chain triacylglycerol (LCT) with a medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT)/LCT; 50:50...

Our experience with clinical intestinal transplantation under FK 506 immunosuppression showed that 50% of the recipients were able to be independent from TPN after transplantation, but 10% require partial TPN with functioning grafts, 10% needed total TPN after graft removal, and 30% of the recipients died postoperatively, mostly from sepsis due to severe graft rejection. For further improvement...

A comparison was made of activities of 25 different enzymes in aortic, pulmonary artery, and coronary artery samples derived from 18to 54-year-old men and women. The aorta and coronary artery of women were found to contain lower concentrations of 4 TPN-dependent enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, isocitric dehydrogenase, and TPN-malic enzyme). Since TP...

Abstract. This report describes a method for building the state class graph of a bounded time Petri net (TPN) as a timed automaton (TA). We consider bounded TPN, whose underlying net is not necessarily bounded. We prove that the obtained TA is timed-bisimilar to the initial TPN. The number of clocks of the automaton is much lower than with other methods available. We have implemented the method...