A multimedia server needs to satisfy the temporal ordering of multimedia data streams when servicing a client. Multimedia data has high bandwidth requirements, and within a network a server may need to service many clients at the same time. During a presentation a client may have to wait indefinitely before receiving the next multimedia data stream. This happens because client requests are queu...

BACKGROUND Animals treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) developed severe metabolic abnormalities despite receiving sufficient protein and energy by total parenteral nutrition (TPN). OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the nutritional and metabolic effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. DESIGN Rats were randomly allocated to 5 groups: oral nutrition (ON control...

In response to chronic (5 days) TPN, the liver becomes a major site of glucose disposal, removing approximately 45% (4.5 mg.kg(-1).min(-1)) of exogenous glucose. Moreover, approximately 70% of glucose is not stored but released as lactate. We aimed to determine in chronically catheterized conscious dogs the time course of adaptation to TPN and the glycogen depletion impact on early time course....

Although standard supportive care for bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients includes total parenteral nutrition (TPN), it has not been shown that this is the most appropriate method of nutritional support. To determine whether current BMT recipients require TPN during the early recovery period, we conducted a prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing TPN and an individualized enteral f...

OBJECTIVE The effect of preoperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on the rate of early (within 30 days) postoperative complications in patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease (CD) was examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS A series of 15 consecutive patients with CD (mean CD activity index score, 270) given preoperative TPN for 18-90 days (mean, 46 days) and undergoing bowel resection an...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to determine if administration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) immediately following radical cystectomy and urinary diversion provides significant recovery benefit when compared to patients who did not receive TPN. METHODS Retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent open radical cystectomy and urinary diversion from February...

The literature shows that the monoterpenes are great candidates for the development of new drugs for the treatment of various pathological processes, including painful conditions. The gamma terpinene (γ-TPN) is a monoterpene present in plant species that have multiple pharmacological properties and has structural similarity to antinociceptive monoterpenes, such as limonene and alpha-phellandren...

Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is an intestinal trophic enteroendocrine peptide that is associated with intestinal adaptation following resection. Herein, we investigate the effects of GLP-2 in a total parenteral nutrition (TPN)-supported model of experimental short bowel syndrome. Juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a 90% small intestinal resection and jugular catheter insertion. Rats were...

To evaluate the latent risk of acidosis in commercially available total parenteral nutrition (TPN) products, three types of commercially available TPN products were compared in postoperative patients. Sixty-four hospitalized patients with gastro-intestinal disease who undertook curative gastro intestinal resection were studied prospectively and administered with TPN solutions. Three types of co...