Abstract Intensive agriculture in Germany is not only highly productive but has also led to detrimental effects the environment. Crop diversification together with new field arrangements considering soil heterogeneities can be an alternative improve resource use efficiency (RUE), ecosystem services (ESS), and biodiversity. Agroecosystem models are tools that help us understand design diversifie...

for the past quarter of a century iran has advocated the setting up of a security regime in the persian gulf by littoral states that excludes foreign powers. this paper examines the reasons behind iran's opposition to foreign participation in persian gulf security arrangements; the steps iran has taken to gain the support of other littoral states for its scheme, and the prospects for iran&...

Constructs, maintains, modifies, traverses, queries, and presents arrangements on two-dimensional parametric surfaces. Complete and Robust All inputs are handled correctly (including degenerate input). Exact number types are used to achieve robustness. Generic – easy to interface, extend, and adapt Modular – geometric and topological aspects are separated Supports among the others: various poin...

Background The Electricity Pool of England and Wales has received constant criticism by the media, from the regulatory body, Offer, and from the House of Commons Trade and Industry Committee since its launch in 1990. The Committee’s report of February 1992 presents many of the criticisms which continued to be levelled at the Pool, and reveals the difficulty the Committee had in deciding whether...

The UK-EU negotiations for new arrangements to cover trade in goods, following the UK’s decision leave EU, were long and complex. What lessons might politicians, negotiators, academics learn from this long-drawn-out saga? This article focuses on five of ways which UK misplayed, misunderstood, or misrepresented consequences Brexit. First, there was no plan Second, implications Irish border peace...

Water scarcity is already causing serious challenges nowadays and devastating water-related processes will certainly continue for decades to come. The emerging water crisis requires new political arrangements, technological solutions the development of supply chains. Among possible political-diplomatic answers, trade may be a viable option, as abundant countries could distribute resources by co...

Abstract Regulatory cooperation is indispensable for increasing the quality of carbon-related product regulations and standards (CPRS), reducing trade tensions over them, facilitating their alignment, and, eventually, promoting convergence different national emission reduction levels towards a universal carbon price. In this article, we explore how trade-related arrangements institutions can be...