We study the case where parallel trade (PT) stems from government price controls in a foreign country. We remove the presumption that PT blunts dynamic efficiency if the government has partial commitment ability. We model the R&D firm’s option to serve the foreign country, and find that PT may improve quality, depending on preferences for quality. Improving quality may be a sufficient condition...

Among non-oil exports and in trade arena, drug has always been strategic importance and most government especially industrialized countries pay special attention to its production and trade issues. Thus, having a comprehensive view from economic perspective to this section is essential for suggesting intervention. This was a descriptive-analytical and panel study. In this study, gravity model i...

A novel approach for pitch mark determination based on dynamical systems theory is presented. Pitch marks are used for speech analysis and modification, such as jitter measurement or time scale modification. The algorithm works in a pseudo-state space and calculates the Poincaré section at a chosen point in the state space. Pitch marks are then found at the crossing of the trajectories with the...

Investment casting is a versatile manufacturing process to produce high quality parts with high dimensional accuracy. The process begins with the manufacture of wax patterns. The dimensional accuracy of the model affects the quality of the finished part. The present study investigated the control and optimization of dimensional deviations in wax patterns. A mold for an H-shaped wax pattern was ...

Introduction: Early Clinical Exposure has been conceptualizedto orient medical students towards actual clinical scenario andhelp them correlate their theoretical knowledge with real lifesituations in early years of MBBS courses. In the present studywe explored the outcome of early clinical exposure in the contextof basic science topics (Physiology) in fresh MBBS entrantsand compared their perfo...

Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) have become an increasingly prominent feature of the international trade environment, with salient examples being the widening and deepening of the European Union (EU), the success of the Mercosur, and the formation of the North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA). In fact, a majority of the active agreements notified to gatt through 1995 were signed in ...

Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) on services have proliferated since 2000. This working paper briefly presents the expansion of the dataset initially developed in Marchetti and Roy (2008). The data permits to assess the extent to which market access commitments undertaken by WTO Members in PTAs go beyond GATS commitments and offers made in the context of the Doha Development Agenda. The dat...

This paper investigates the impact of the US and China’s foreign aids to Africa on trade flows between donor and recipient countries. Evidence from the gravity model estimates reveals that the two donors’ exports are strengthened by their aids to African partners. Interestingly, China’s aid shows a positive effect on its total volume of trade and imports from Africa, while the aid from the US e...

This paper reports on the construction of a new database – called TM-Link that contains 12 million trade mark applications and registrations across six jurisdictions Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United States, Kingdom European Union. A feature is identification equivalents (or families) within national offices. Equivalent marks are two, or more, insignias for same product applied by company....