We have reviewed the literature on transcranial magnetic stimulation studies in patients with brain death, coma, vegetative, minimally conscious, and locked-in states. Transcranial magnetic stimulation permits non-invasive study of brain excitability and may extend our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these disorders. However, use of this technique in severe brain damage remains me...

order.4 The finding expands the realm of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the investigation of cortical motor function in normal humans. It also means that abnormal responsesr to transcranial magnetic stimulation in cases of disordered brain function may reflect disturbance to either excitatory or inhibitory inputs to corticospinal neurons. P H ELLAWAY NJ DAVEY D W MASKILL Department ofPhys...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although functional imaging studies suggest that recruitment of contralesional areas hinders optimal functional reorganization in patients with aphasic stroke, only limited evidence is available on the efficacy of noninvasive brain stimulation such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation aimed at suppression of contralateral overactivation. METHODS In this rando...

Functional neuroimaging studies have associated affective go/no-go function with lateral prefrontal activation, but they have not established a causal role and have not determined whether one hemisphere is predominantly engaged. In the present study, 11 normal volunteers underwent slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the occ...

The mechanism of mirror movements in two patients was investigated; one with congenital mirror movement, the other with schizencephaly. Transcranial magnetic stimulation on one side elicited motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in their thenar muscles on both sides with almost the same latencies, minimal thresholds, and cortical topographies. During voluntary contraction of the thenar muscle on one s...

Nowadays, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to treat major depression and migraine. Integrating transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalogram (TMS EEG) may provide beneficial information. This paper introduces the experimental design, experimental setup and experimental procedures to differentiate the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and witho...

BACKGROUND Transcranial magnetic stimulation with motor evoked potential monitoring is a non-invasive method for monitoring motor tracts during surgery. However, anaesthetic agents such as propofol and volatile agents reduce responses to single transcranial magnetic stimulation. We assessed an intravenous technique for anaesthesia to allow motor evoked potentials (MEPs) to be monitored using re...

High- (?5Hz), but not low-frequency (?1Hz) rTMS (repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) of the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) can induce transient analgesic effects [5]. However, impact TMS frequency and pulse number remains poorly understood may present an opportunity to optimise efficacy promote long-term effects. Prior work indicated that a single session consisting 2,000, 50...

Abstract Objective: Since the development of new deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices in recent years, there is an increased need for assessing safety combination with transcranial magnetic (TMS). Methods: We applied a combined ex vivo and computational approach to investigate TMS using Boston Scientific segmented electrode. TMS-induced current was measured between electrode lead extension, dif...

Sir, We would like to thank Dr Rosenkrantz for her interest in our recent paper on physiological differences between patients with psychogenic and organic forms of limb dystonia. We are also very grateful for the opportunity to discuss in detail the connection between input–output relationships and effects of paired associative stimulation (PAS). It is a topic of some confusion among those who ...