conclusions when itbs was applied over the primary motor cortex, it significantly improved manual dexterity, but had no significant effect on the hand motor imagery ability in ms patients. results itbs group showed a reduction in the time required to complete the 9hpt (mean difference = -3.05, p = 0.002), and an increase in the number of blocks transferred in one minute in the bbt (mean differe...

In the 1990s, it is difficult to open a newspaper or watch television and not find someone claiming that magnets promote healing.Rarely do these claims stem from double-blind, peer-reviewed studies, making it difficult to separate the wheat from the chaff. The current fads resemble those at the end of the last century, when many were falsely touting the benefits of direct electrical and weak ma...

Abstract While TMS represents an exciting treatment tool for psychiatry, clinical response depression is <50%. Furthermore, <1% of available protocols (frequency, amplitude, pattern, etc) are utilized clinically. The low rate and under-utilization novel patterns partially because we lack a mechanistic understanding the circuit-level neuromodulatory changes induced by TMS. This impedes optimizat...

The response rate to the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is 21.6% to 61.3%, which shows a relative resistance to current treatments and a need for novel therapeutic approaches. Here we report a case of resistant OCD with fast and dramatic response to a relatively new method of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation. In this method a pulse magnetic field  emits from a coil o...

BACKGROUND Electrical stimulation of central nervous system areas with surgically implanted stimulators has been shown to result in pain relief. To avoid the risks and side effects of surgery, transcranial direct current stimulation is an option to electrically stimulate the motor cortex through the skull. Previous research has shown that transcranial direct current stimulation relieves pain in...

The precentral gyrus (M1) is a representative target for electrical stimulation therapy of pain. To date, few researchers have investigated whether pain relief is possible by stimulation of cortical areas other than M1. According to recent reports, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can provide an effect similar to that of electrical stimulation. With this in mind, we therefore...

Substance use disorders (SUDs) can be viewed as a pathology of neuroadaptation. The pharmacological overstimulation of neural mechanisms of reward, motivated learning and memory leads to drug-seeking behavior. A critical characteristic of SUDs is the appearance of craving, the motivated desire and urge to use, which is a main focus of current pharmacological and behavioral therapies. Recent pro...

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can non-invasively modulate neuronal activity in the cerebral cortex, particular at frequency of applied stimulation. Such modulation matter for speech processing, since latter involves tracking slow amplitude fluctuations by cortical activity. tACS with a signal that follows envelope stimulus has indeed been found to influence and comprehensi...

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of brain activation during transcranial electrical stimulation is used to provide insight into the mechanisms of neuromodulation and targeting of particular brain structures. However, the passage of current through the body may interfere with the concurrent detection of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal, which is sensitive to local magnetic ...