objective: infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 induces viral latency in neuron trigeminal ganglions. the late associated transcript (lat) is uniquely expressed in infected neural cells, however no coding protein associated with these transcripts has been identified in infected cells. it has been shown that six micrornas transcribed from lat have the capabilities to affect the cell signal...

Peptidoglycan (PG)-polysaccharide (PS) polymers derived from group A streptococcal cell walls were solubilized by M-1 mutanolysin (endo-N-acetylmuramidase) and phage-associated lysin (N-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase). Fragments were isolated by ultrafiltration and a series of gel filtrations and were injected intravenously into Sprague-Dawley rats. No fragments with a molecular weight of less...

Extracellular Vesicles, including exosomes, are small membrane fragments released from many cell types, like Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). They were recognized as a mechanism of intercellular communication. They can transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids to other cells. Thus, they have many physiological (angiogenesis, coagulation and tissue repair, etc.) and pathological (e.g. in autoimm...