Background: Euphorbia plants are traditionally used in folk medicine for infections, inflammation, and cancer. Objectives: To investigate the effects of the butanolic extracts of Euphorbia micorociadia and Euphorbia osyridea on specific transcription factors and cytokines expression of T cell subsets. Methods: Activated mouse splenocytes were cultured in the presence of non-cytotoxic concentrat...

Studies on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases have begun to delve into the molecular and cellular mechanisms, and transcription factors, as key regulators of immune effector cell development and function, have received growing attention. Their involvement has been investigated in immune cells, such as T and B lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils, but also end-organ tissues, such as syn...

NEURONS respond to extracellular stimulation by modulating the expression of certain immediate-early genes. Inducible transcription factors (ITFs), such as cFos and Zif268, are coded by this class of gene and are among the first proteins to appear. The rapid accumulation of these products combined with histological methods that offer detection at the cellular level are key features that have le...

Cyanobacteria are photosynthesizing microorganisms that can be used as a model for analyzing gene expression. The expression of genes involves transcription and translation. Transcription is performed by the RNA polymerase (RNAP) holoenzyme, comprising a core enzyme and a sigma (sigma) factor which confers promoter selectivity. The unique structure, expression, and function of cyanobacterial si...