Cultured endothelial cells constitutively synthesize significant levels of thrombospondin, an extracellular matrix-associated protein with reported anti-anti-angiogenic properties. However, two murine endothelial cell lines, bEND.3 and Py-4-1, which have been immortalized with polyoma T oncogenes and which generate vascular malformations in vivo, produce little or no thrombospondin though bEND....

The MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line responds to estrogen stimulation in vitro by increased secretion of growth factors and proliferation and in vivo by tumor formation in the nude mouse. To test a possible role of growth factor secretion in expression of the tumorigenic phenotype, we stably transfected MCF-7 cells with the v-Ha-ras oncogene to produce the MCF-7ras cell line. The MCF-7ras ce...

ECM: Extracellular Matrix; CAFs: Cancer Associated Fibroblasts; TLRs: Toll-like Receptors; Ig: Immunoglobulin; RAG: Recombination Activating Genes; TCA: Tri Carboxylic Acid; MCT: Monocarboxylate Transporter; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species; HK2: Hexokinase 2; PET: Positron Emission Tomography; PFK-1: 6-Phosphofructo-1-Kinase; PK: Pyruvate Kinase; SPs: Specificity Proteins; GFs: Growth Factors; PDG...

Natural sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) derived from brown seaweed comprise a complex group of macromolecules with a wide range of important physiological properties. SPs have been shown to bind and directly regulate the bioactivity of growth factors and cytokines such as basic fibroblast growth factor, interferon, various enzymes and transforming growth factor. Myostatin is a member of the tran...