In Denmark, a large part of the electricity is produced by wind turbines and combined heat and power plants (CHPs). Most of them are connected to the network through distribution systems. Because the production units, the distribution systems and the transmission system are owned by different companies, rules regulating the conditions and fees for transmission of power apply. In Western Denmark...

Annual electricity distribution losses average 4% in the European Union. These losses represent 7 billion Euros in annual waste. New regulations are forcing electrical distributors to enhance efficiency across their networks. Network operators are also challenged to integrate alternative energy generation and electric vehicles into their grids. This paper offers a strategy for leveraging smart ...

Nowadays lots of applications in telecommunications require a wide bandwidth to transmit more information and improve the quality on the transmission of this information. In order to guarantee this condition low losses systems are designed; these losses can be classified in dissipation losses and mismatch losses. There are different classic methods for impedance matching, but they reach the imp...

in this study a pseudo comprehensive carbon footprint model for fossil fuel power plants is presented. parameters which their effects are considered in this study include: plant type, fuel type, fuel transmission type, internal consumption of the plant, degradation, site ambient condition, transmission and distribution losses. investigating internal consumption, degradation and site ambient con...

Composite transmission lines are one of the main developments in the increasingly popular field of electromagnetic metamaterials, artificial electromagnetic structures with both negative electric permittivity and magnetic permeability (Caloz & Itoh, 2005). These structures present a backward wave or left-handed (LH) propagation instead of the conventional right-handed one. The first experimenta...

A low-loss and low-dispersive optical-fiber-like hybrid HE₁₁ mode is developed within a wide band in metallic hollow waveguides if their inner walls are coated with a thin dielectric layer. We investigate terahertz (THz) transmission losses from 0.5 to 5.5 THz and bending losses at 2.85 THz in a polystyrene-lined silver waveguides with core diameters small enough (1 mm) to minimize the number o...

in the deregulated power systems, transmission congestion is one of the significant and main problems of the electrical networks which can cause incremental cost in the energy. this problem has resulted to new challenging issues in different parts of power systems which there was not in the traditional systems or at least had very little importance. transmission congestion happens when the maxi...

Annual electricity distribution losses average 4% in the European Union. These losses represent 7 billion Euros in annual waste. New regulations are forcing electrical distributors to enhance efficiency across their networks. Network operators are also challenged to integrate alternative energy generation and electric vehicles into their grids. This paper offers a strategy for leveraging smart ...