Flood-search on-demand routing has received considerable interest for its application to mobile ad hoc networks. To alleviate the effects of flooding the network with control packets to discover a route, the concept of an expanding ring search (ERS) has been proposed elsewhere for reducing the packet transmission overhead of the route discovery process. Essentially, ERS consists of incrementall...

The mobile ad hoc networks are gaining importance because of their versatility, mobility and ability to work with a limited infrastructure. In the mobile ad hoc network, each node works as a router as well as host. It is generally decentralized network, where all network activities include route discovery and message delivery must be executed by the nodes themselves. In this paper, we present a...

Wirelessmesh networks can provide low-cost solutions for extending the reach ofwireless access points by using multi-hop routing over a set of stationary wireless routers. The routing protocol for these networks may need to address quality considerations to meet the requirements of the user. In this paper, we present a quality based routing protocol for wireless mesh networks that tries to maxi...

We propose a novel network density and mobility aware energy-efficient broadcast route discovery strategy (called DMEF) to determine stable routes in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). During the on-demand route discovery process, each node dynamically chooses its own broadcast transmission range for the Route-Request message depending on the perceived number of neighbor nodes in its default maxi...

In IEEE 802.16 Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) routing, delay aware load balancing can be achieved by selecting the shortest path with low latency and network load. But network load and latency together are not considered in most of the existing routing metrics. Here, we propose a delay aware load balanced routing protocol for wireless mesh networks by designing a combined route metric. Initially,...

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) consists of mobile hosts equipped with wireless communication devices. A Mobile Ad hoc Network is a self-organizing, infrastructure less, multi-hop network. The transmission of a mobile host is received by all hosts within its transmission range due to the broadcast nature of wireless communication and unidirectional antenna. If two wireless hosts are out of thei...

human coronaviruses–229E and -OC43 and severe acute respiratory syndrome–CoV were able to survive in suspension at room temperature for several days (8,9). Moreover, severe acute respiratory syndrome–CoV was completely inactivated after heat treatment at 60°C for 30 min (9). Human-to-human transmission of MERS-CoV is inefficient, and the transmission route has not yet been revealed. The predomi...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW We have examined studies published since the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak that elucidate the mode of transmission of respiratory pathogens and the optimal means of interrupting their transmission, focusing on transmission in the intensive care unit. RECENT FINDINGS The severe acute respiratory syndrome may be transmitted by the droplet, contact and occasionally...