We report Raman sideband cooling of a single sodium atom to its three-dimensional motional ground state in an optical tweezer. Despite a large Lamb-Dicke parameter, high initial temperature, and large differential light shifts between the excited state and the ground state, we achieve a ground state population of 81(4)% after 100 ms of cooling, for the 85% of atoms that survive cooling and re-i...

We consider a small and fixed number of fermions (bosons) in a trap. The ground state of the system is defined at T = 0. For a given excitation energy, there are several ways of exciting the particles from this ground state. We formulate a method for calculating the number fluctuation in the ground state using microcanonical counting, and implement it for small systems of noninteracting fermion...

We report on the Stark deceleration and electrostatic trapping of NH (a ∆) radicals. In the trap, the molecules are excited on the spin-forbidden A Π ← a ∆ transition and detected via their subsequent fluorescence to the X Σ ground state. The 1/e trapping time is 1.4 ± 0.1 s, from which a lower limit of 2.7 s for the radiative lifetime of the a ∆, v = 0, J = 2 state is deduced. The spectral pro...

We test whether income dynamics over 30 years in rural Indian villages suggest the presence of a poverty trap. A weighted dynamic panel estimate using rainfall as an instrument for lagged income addresses measurement error, attrition bias, and the inherent endogeneity of lagged income while allowing the steady state of income to vary across individuals. Estimates of the model provide robust evi...

abstract during growing seasons of years 2006 & 2007, a faunistic survey on syrphidae family(diptera) in agroecosystems of neyshabor region, khorasan-e-razavi province was carried out. in this study, 3 collection methods: yellow water trap, malaise trap and sweeping net were applied. the results showed a large difference between different collection methods. specimens of 14 species collected by...

fruit fly, ceratitis capitata (diptera:tephritidae), worldwide. to determine the best combination of trap and attractant for mass trapping of mediterranean fruit fly, a field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (rcbd) with 6 treatments in 3 replications in a pomegranate orchard in shiraz (iran) in 2009. treatments included: 1-jackson trap baited with trimedlure, 2- mc...

The tryptophan biosynthesis genes of several Bacilli are controlled through terminator/anti-terminator transcriptional attenuation. This process is regulated by tryptophan-dependent binding of the trp RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP) to the leader region of the trp operon mRNA, precluding formation of the antiterminator RNA hairpin, and allowing formation of the less stable terminator hai...

In recent years, neo-liberal and neo-Weberian scholars have waged fierce debates over whether or not the capacity of the nation-states to manage economic activity has been weakened by globalization. While siding with the neo-Weberians in their assertion that states retain substantial powers, this paper argues that both neo-liberals and neo-Weberians share a problematic assumption that states ar...

The dynamic properties of the optimal growth model are examined, based on a one good and two factor-labor and capital--model with a labor-surplus economy due to a fixed wage rate. If the average capital productivity is higher than the time discount rate which is assumed to be larger than the population growth rate, then the economy reaches the full employment stationary state in a finite amount...

This paper studies the transition from poverty to prosperity using a model of multiple equilibria. Existing theoretical work in this area has been dominated by perfect foresight models. In a stochastic growth model with human capital externalities, I study the role of expectations in transition dynamics. In particular, I assume that agents are boundedly rational and examine the effect of econom...