objective(s): occlusal trauma is one of the most common forms of oral biting dysfunction. long-term occlusal trauma could weaken the stomatognathic system; especially damage one’s masticatory muscle. through using the rat model, this study investigated the trophic effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (cntf) on injured masseter muscle. materials and methods: male wistar rats (n=36) were randoml...

OBJECTIVE To examine among immigrants and others seeking primary care: (1) the prevalence, types, and predictors of traumatic life events; and (2) the relations among traumatic life events, psychiatric disorders, and utilization of primary care services. DESIGN Survey with structured diagnostic interview. SETTING Community-based, university-affiliated primary care clinic in southern Califor...

Background In 2007, before founding the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), we developed a questionnaire to investigate how emergency surgery was organized and implemented as a practice throughout the world. We discovered two fundamental models, which were sometimes present simultaneously in the same country [1]. One model was characterized by hospitals with designated emergency surgery ...

It is important that the utilization of emergency departments (EDs) among people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) be epidemiologically evaluated in order to assess and improve the HIV care continuum. All participants newly-diagnosed with HIV in Taiwan registered in the National Health Insurance Database from 2000 to 2005 were enrolled in this study and followed-up from 2006 to...

introduction: ramadan is a time when muslims are expected to be calm and peaceful in daily life both mentally and physiologically. some people believe that they should try to don’t have be involved in bad and deviant behaviors in ramadan. as increasing social safety and reducing crime in society are the most important concerns of the authorities , psychologists, sociologists and governments, th...

Diffuse traumatic brain injury refers to widespread pattern of injury throughout the brain caused by traumatic disruption of nerve cells, with particular injury to the axons [1]. There are four principal types of traumatic brain injury: diffuse vascular injury, diffuse axonal injury, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and diffuse brain swelling [2]. Clinically, DAI is characterized by generalized ...

Summary Background Despite continuous surgical advances, reconstruction of complex lower extremity wounds remains challenging. The indication local flaps or microsurgical free tissue transfer depends on the anatomical location and size defect, as well comorbidities general condition patient. In this study, flap distal defects was assessed, postoperative complications limb salvage were analyzed....