Exploited ecosystems are characterised by exports of secondary production from each fished trophic level that reduce the energy available for upper levels at ecosystem scale thus impinging on overall secondary productions. Depletion in secondary production with respect to the unfished state is here proposed as a proxy for quantifying ecosystem effects of fishing. Theoretical analysis of trophic...

Global warming is widely predicted to reduce the biomass production of top predators, or even result in species loss. Several exceptions to this expectation have been identified, however, and it is vital that we understand the underlying mechanisms if we are to improve our ability to predict future trends. Here, we used a natural warming experiment in Iceland and quantitative theoretical predic...

Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorine pesticide used in the banana fields of the French West Indies from 1972 to 1993. Three marine habitats (mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs) of two study sites located downstream contaminated rivers were chosen to evaluate the level of contamination of marine food webs. On each habitat, the food chain collected included suspended organic matter, p...

During the productive polar day, zooplankton and sea-ice amphipods fulfill a critical role in energy transfer from primary producers to higher trophic-level species Arctic marine ecosystems. Recent night studies on suggest levels of biological activity than previously assumed. However, it is unknown if these invertebrates maintain stored lipids, opportunistic feeding, or combination both. To as...

The current study deals with the physicochemical characterization, temporal variability and trophic state evaluation of a post glacial mountain lake in eastern Himalaya during the period of 2014-2016. Notable seasonal variations are recorded for physicochemical parameters of lake water. The values for electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity and ...

Food web ecologists have long sought to characterize the trophic niches of animals using stable isotopic analysis. However, distilling trophic position from isotopic composition has been difficult, largely because of the variability associated with trophic discrimination factors (inter-trophic isotopic fractionation and routing). We circumvented much of this variability using compound-specific ...

The telotrophic ovary of Notonecta glauca glauca consists of 7 ovarioles. Each ovanole comprises, from front to rear, a terminal filament, a trophic region, a prefolhcular region, and a series of 10-15 follicles of progressively increasing size The trophic region is largely syncytial and is made up of polyploid trophic nuclei packed around a central trophic core The cytoplasm of the trophic cor...