Occurrence of milk ejection and course of milk removal were investigated in 18 dairy cows at milking intervals of 4, 8 and 12 h in early, mid or late lactation. Milk ejection occurred fastest in early lactation at a milking interval of 12 h and was delayed at short milking intervals and in late lactation. Storage capacity of the udder was estimated and the actual milk yields of experimental mil...

(Co)variance components for final score and 15 linear types traits of Jersey cows were estimated by multitrait REML using multiple diagonalization and a repeatability model with 34,999 records of 22,354 cows. Multiple diagonalization gave relative off-diagonals (ratio of squared off-diagonals to the product of diagonals) of < 0.1%. Heritabilities and repeatabilities, respectively, were estimate...

The purpose of the study was: (1) to test if the reindeer mammary gland (udder) could tolerate regular long-term machine milking, (2) to record milk yield of reindeer exposed to regular long-term machine milking and (3) to document changes in milk composition through a 3 months experimental period (July, August and September 1999). Adult female reindeer were allotted to four groups of four. Tre...

We hypothesized that accumulation of milk would influence gene expression in the mammary gland of lactating dairy cows. To test this hypothesis, we enrolled 4 multiparous Holstein cows (150 ± 10 DIM) in a half-udder milk stasis experiment. On d 1 of the experiment, right udder halves were milked at 0430 h and 1430 h. On d 2 of the experiment, right udder halves were milked at 0430 h and mammary...

Bovine mastitis (BM) is a prevalent condition on dairy farms, affecting both livestock health and reducing profitability. This study investigated the feasibility of diagnosing BM in Holstein dairy cattle using thermography. To increase the detection between healthy cattle and unhealthy one and to better compare the results from thermal images, a number of parameters including somatic cell count...

To describe proportion and pattern of culling in commercial dairy herds of Khorasan Razavi Province, this survey was carried out from 21st March 2008 to 20th March 2009 in 15 industrialized dairy herds. For each culled cow data related to parity at culling, last calving to culling interval and primary reason for culling were recorded. Annual herd exit rate was 20.9%. Out of a total of 652 culle...

The health and integrity of teats and streak canals is positively correlated to udder health and the incidence of mastitis. One sign of a reduction in teat end integrity is formation of excessive callus known as hyperkeratosis. Seiber and Farnsworth were the first to identify teat end hyperkeratosis and establish a teat end scoring system. Scoring systems have been developed to help standardize...

The objectives of this study were to compare the impact of different coagulase-negative species (CNS) on udder health measured in terms of individual quarter milk somatic cell count (SCC) and duration of intramammary infection, and to get some insight into most likely routes of infection for different CNS species. This longitudinal observational study was performed on four farms that were sampl...

A cross-sectional observational study with repeated observations was conducted on 16 Danish dairy farms to quantify the influence of observer, parity, time (stage in lactation) and farm on variables routinely selected for inclusion in clinical protocols, thereby to enable a more valid comparison of udder health between different herds. During 12 months, participating herds were visited 5 times ...

Introduction Milk somatic cell count is considered as an indicator for raw milk quality and udder health status in dairy cows (4, 6). Many approaches have been made to determine milk somatic cell counts in dairy cow and goat both in the field and laboratory including California Mastitis Test (CMT, a cow side test), Fossomatic cell count (FSCC), and Direct Microscopic Count (DMC) (1,7). These co...