BACKGROUND It is difficult to predict survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Recently, several proteins, such as surfactant protein (SP) and KL-6, have been reported to be useful biologic markers for prediction of prognosis for interstitial pneumonias. It is not clear whether there is any relationship between expression of these proteins in regenerative/hyperplastic alveolar e...

BACKGROUND Vascular remodelling has recently been shown to be a promising pathogenetic indicator in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs). AIM To validate the importance of the collagen/elastic system in vascular remodelling and to study the relationships between the collagen/elastic system, survival and the major histological patterns of IIPs. METHODS Collagen/elastic system fibres wer...

This paper explores the implications of costly international portfolio adjustment by private agents, on the effects of central bank interventions on interest rates, and on short and long-horizon uncovered interest parity (UIP). Using an incomplete-markets two-country monetary model with bonds in positive net supply, we show that with portfolio adjustment costs, surprise central bank interventio...

Background: Vascular remodelling has recently been shown to be a promising pathogenetic indicator in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs). Aim: To validate the importance of the collagen/elastic system in vascular remodelling and to study the relationships between the collagen/elastic system, survival and the major histological patterns of IIPs. Methods: Collagen/elastic system fibres were...

BACKGROUND Some idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) are characterised by fibroproliferation and deposition of extracellular matrix. Because efficacious treatment options are limited, research has been directed towards understanding the cytokine networks that may affect fibroblast activation and, hence, the progression of certain IIPs. AIMS To examine the expression of interleukin 4 (IL-...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of our study was to assess proton density (PD) and T2 relaxation time of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and to evaluate their utility in differentiating the two patterns. Furthermore, we aim to investigate whether these two parameters could help differentiate active-inflammatory and stable-fibrotic lesions in NSIP. METHO...

BACKGROUND Radiologic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE)-like lesion including pulmonary apical cap can be occasionally observed in clinical settings. However, the significance of radiologic PPFE-like lesion is unclear in connective tissue disease (CTD)-related interstitial lung disease (ILD). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 113 patients with CTD-related ILD were enrolled and assessed f...

Two studies were conducted to determine the influence of CP degradability and supplementation frequency (SF) on ruminant performance and N efficiency. Treatments included an unsupplemented control (CON) and degradable intake protein (DIP; 82% of CP) or undegradable intake protein (UIP; 60% of CP) provided daily, every 3 d, or every 6 d. Seven wethers (36+/-1 kg BW) were used in the digestibilit...

Based on the β-estimate that captures interest rate differential effect in uncovered parity (UIP) regressions, we show an empirical model includes proxy variables for unobservable factors and allows to have time-varying weights parameters can reduce UIP deviation. However, specification alleviated failure does not variability of β-estimate. The explanatory exhibit coefficient estimates shifting...