Fish and amphibians have pigment cells that generate colorful skins important for signaling, camouflage, thermoregulation and protection against ultraviolet radiation (UVR). However, many animals also have pigment cells inside their bodies, on their internal organs and membranes. In contrast to external pigmentation, internal pigmentation is remarkably little studied and its function is not wel...

Evidence is accumulating to suggest that higher exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is associated with decreased risk of internal cancers, but data for ovarian cancer are unclear. We aimed to examine the association between lifetime ambient UVR and ovarian cancer in a population-based-case-control study. The study included women aged 18 to 79 years with a new diagnosis of invasive (n ...

Ageing is a complex process involving various genetic, hormonal, and environmental mechanisms. As the rest of the skin, the scalp and hair are subject to intrinsic or chronologic ageing, and extrinsic ageing due to environmental factors. Both occur in conjunction with the other and are superimposed on each other. Intrinsic factors are related to individual genetic and epigenetic mechanisms with...

Interactions among multiple stressors generated by global change exert cumulative effects on ecosystems. In order to identify the long-term interactive effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and increasing atmospheric nutrient inputs (P-inputs) on aggregate (growth rate, chlorophyll a and abundance) and emergent (evenness and diversity) algal community variables, a 2 5 factorial experiment [two...

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common type of non-melanoma skin cancer that can metastasize. The major etiological factor associated with cSCC is Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) with a limited understanding of its molecular mechanism. It was hypothesized that there is a direct effect of UVR on modulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), a novel class of short noncoding RNAs which affect...

The effects of acute, multiple, and chronic exposure of hairless mice to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) (EC 4.1.1.17) activity were investigated. Acute UVR exposure results in a biphasic time course of induction of epidermal ODC activity. Enzyme activity maxima occur at 3 and 24 h postirradiation. The biphasic time course is observed in two d...

The skin commensal microbiota is regularly exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in sunlight. Studies mice have demonstrated that the modulates inflammatory environment following UVR exposure. However, role of development UVR-induced inflammation (sunburn) has not been reported humans. We examined UVR-erythema dose-response human upper back (n=8, type I-III) presence and absence microbiota. On...

INTRODUCTION A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD). Epidemiologic studies examining variability in genes involved in vitamin D metabolism have not taken into account level of exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). We examined whether exposure to UVR (as a surrogate for vitamin D levels) and variations in the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) are a...

Human skin is constantly exposed to solar light containing visible and ultraviolet radiation (UVR), a powerful skin carcinogen. UVR elicits cellular responses in epidermal cells via several mechanisms: direct absorption of short-wavelength UVR photons by DNA, oxidative damage caused by long-wavelength UVR, and, as we recently demonstrated, via a retinal-dependent G protein-coupled signaling pat...

The arcs associated with arc welding emit high levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and this often causes acute injuries in the workplace, particularly photokeratoconjunctivitis. It is important to know the level of UVR emitted by arc welding under various conditions, as this information will help in evaluating potential UVR hazards in welding workplaces and taking protective measures against...