Due to the unpleasant and unpredictable underwater environment, designing an energy-efficient routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) demands more accuracy and extra computations. In the proposed scheme, we introduce a mobile sink (MS), i.e., an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), and also courier nodes (CNs), to minimize the energy consumption of nodes. MS and CNs sto...

Unlike a terrestrial wireless communication which uses radio waves, underwater communication relies on acoustic waves. The long latency and limited bandwidth pose great challenges in Underwater Media Access Control (MAC) design. So this paper proposes a new MAC protocol for wireless sensor acoustic network which are adaptable to underwater environment. This new protocol is based on the classic ...

In this paper, the low cost home-made underwater sensors are designed for underwater Acoustics Sensor Network. This system is used to read the values of pressure, temperature and salinity using these sensors under the water and then the values are transmitted from underwater sensor to base station receiver. The sensors are continuously reading these values. Here, the communication channel estim...

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks are significantly different from terrestrial sensor networks due to peculiar characteristics of low bandwidth, high latency, limited energy, node float mobility and high error probability. These features bring many challenges to the network protocol design of UWSNs. Several routing protocols have been developed in recent years for these networks. One of the m...

The underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) is considered a promising technology for collecting valuable data from underwater areas, particularly for aiding military operations and environmental predictions. UWSNs consist of underwater sensor nodes that have limited energy and use acoustics for communication. Routing in underwater sensor nodes is one of the challenging issues in UWSNs because...

Underwater cameras are widely used to observe the sea floor. They are usually included in autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), and in situ ocean sensor networks. Despite being an important sensor for monitoring underwater scenes, there exist many issues with recent underwater camera sensors. Because of light’s transportation characteristics in water and th...