STUDY DESIGN Biomechanical, cadaveric study. OBJECTIVES To compare the relative stiffness of unilateral C1 lateral mass-C2 intralaminar fixation to intact specimens and bilateral C1 lateral mass-C2 intralaminar constructs. METHODS The biomechanical integrity of a unilateral C1 lateral mass-C2 intralaminar screw construct was compared to intact specimens and bilateral C1 lateral mass-C2 intr...

Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of the available classification systems for cleft lip deformities. 2. Discuss, in detail, the normal anatomic features of the orbicularis oris muscle and the aberrant features seen in unilateral cleft lip deformities. 3. Define the anatomic features of the unilateral clef...

Afterimage formation, historically attributed to retinal mechanisms, may also involve postretinal process. Consistent with this notion are results from experiments, reported here, investigating the interaction between binocular rivalry and negative afterimages (AIs). In Experiment 1, one eye was exposed to a grating never consciously experienced by the observer because this grating remained sup...

In two experiments, we tested whether disparity and shading cues cooperated for surface interpolation. Observers adjusted a probe dot to/lie on a surface specified either by a sparse disparity field, a continuous stereo shading or monocular shading gradient, or both cues. Observers' adjustments were very consistent with disparity information but their adjustments were much more variable with sh...

Diplopia is an infrequent complication after blepharoplasty. Most of the cases are in its vertical form due to trauma of the extraocular muscles. In this article, we present a case of horizontal diplopia following cosmetic upper blepharoplasty; we review the literature on this unexpected complication and offer some recommendations to avoid it.

OBJECTIVE   The first part of this study validated an automated computer-based method of identifying the three-dimensional midfacial plane in children with unrepaired cleft lip. The purpose of this second part is to develop computer-based methods to quantify symmetry and to determine the correlation of these measures to clinical expectations. PARTICIPANTS   A total of 35 infants with unrepair...

Methods: From lYYO-lYY3,38 cases of unilateral retinoblastoma were treated in National Cancer Center Hospital in Tokyo. Except for 9 eyes with absolute glaucoma, suspicious extraocular extension or refusal of conservative therapy, all of them were treated conservatively. Ocular hyperthennia using Legendijk’s applicator were combined with radiotherapy, selective ophthalmic arterial injection by ...

BACKGROUND The use of percutaneous needle biopsy in the evaluation of indeterminate renal masses is controversial and its role in management remains largely unclear. We set to establish current practice on this issue in UK urology departments. METHODS We conducted a national questionnaire survey of all consultant urologists in the UK, to establish current practice and attitudes towards percut...

METHODS: Cost-utility methodology involved a systematic literature review compiling outcomes and their probabilities for the treatment of unilateral breast cancer using either oncoplastic resection/reconstruction with contralateral symmetry operations or unilateral lumpectomy operations. Utility score surveys were used for each outcome to estimate qualityadjusted life years. Medicare payment da...