Over the last decade or so, there has been a renewed interest in the problems of economic calculation under socialism and a rethinking of the classic socialist calculation debate of the interwar era. A great deal of this work has been stimulated by Don Lavoie's (1985) reinterpretation of the debate that suggested a fundamental misunderstanding of the Austrian argument. In addition, the general ...

The study examines Soviet fashion houses as corporations with an extensive structure and a certain autonomy which served centers for the development representation of fashion. These state institutions were created in capitals large cities republics. Moscow All-Union Fashion House acted methodological center all Ukrainian SSR was one important Union, it included six general orientation five spec...

The epidemiological transition has provided the theoretical background for the expectation of convergence in mortality patterns. We formally test and reject the convergence hypothesis for a sample of industrialized countries in the period from 1960 to 2008. After a period of convergence in the decade of 1960 there followed a sustained process of divergence with a pronounced increase at the end ...

Societal conflicts with regard to risk management are common. The public has different beliefs than many experts and administrators with regard to such issues as the citing of a repository for spent nuclear fuel or whether genetically modified organisms should be allowed to enter the human food chain. As a result, political tensions arise and there may be a skew allocation of resources for risk...

Under the Soviet-based system, countries in Central and Eastern Europe were among those with the most equal distributions of income in the world. A greater income inequality was therefore an expected outcome of a transition to a market economy. After 5-7 years of observations on the transition, two models of the process have emerged within the former Soviet bloc: one in Russia and other newly i...

termination of the cold war was followed by considerable developments in international relations, including the emergence and gradual empowerment of new political actors. china was one of these actors whose process of empowerment, which actually started many years before the end of the cold war, has drawn attention from many analysts. central asia is one of the regions with which china has had ...

The publication opens a cycle of studies about the history Institute Slavic Studies Russian Academy Sciences, and in second half 1940s–1960s general. This paper focuses on report Soviet historian Poland Ivan Kostiushko project to transform into an European Socialist Countries. main idea Kostiushko’s reached beyond discussion reform Studies, concerning principle points transformation historical ...

The pre-reform period was characterized by state monopoly of land and by land use that did not require any payment. The legal principles of land reform in Russia and the rest of the former Soviet Union were set in 1989 by the Basic Law on Land Legislation in the USSR and the Soviet Republics. This law established the right of the citizens to receive land in permanent or temporary use for agricu...

The South Caucasus is a unique small and densely populated region in the southern part of Caucasus. It consists three independent states - Georgia, Azerbaijan Armenia. Georgia actively engaged Peaceful Neighborhood Initiative strives to deepen political economic relations with countries based on sovereign interests. In these processes, strengthening mutually beneficial, trust-based cooperation ...