A 1998 paper that delineated desirable characteristics, or desiderata for controlled medical terminologies attempted to summarize emerging consensus regarding structural issues of such terminologies. Among the Desiderata was a call for terminologies to be "concept oriented." Since then, research has trended toward the extension of terminologies into ontologies. A paper by Smith, entitled "From ...

7/it' evidence on universals in facial expression of emotion, renewed conrr(>versy about that evidence, and new findings on cultural differences are reviewed. New findings on the capability for voluntatily made facial expressions to generate changes in both autonomic and centra! tiervous svstent acfivitv arc discussed, and possible mechanisms by which this could occur are outlined. Finally, new...

Moulin-Frier et al. (2016) proffer a conceptual framework and computational modeling architecture for the investigation of the emergence of phonological universals for spoken languages. They validate the framework and architecture by testing to see whether universals such as the prevalence of triangular vowel systems that show adequate dispersion in the F1-F2-F3 space can fall out of simulation...

From an evolutionary point of view, it does not appear unnatural to assume that language form is forged by the sociobiological conditions of its use. Thus spoken language tends to evolve sound systems and grammars that can be explained, at least in part, with reference to the fact that it is spoken. It uses the vocal-auditory channel and ought therefore to exhibit adaptations to the development...

Do speakers know universal restrictions on linguistic elements that are absent from their language? We report an experimental test of this question. Our case study concerns the universal restrictions on initial consonant sequences, onset clusters (e.g., bl in block). Across languages, certain onset clusters (e.g., lb) are dispreferred (e.g., systematically under-represented) relative to others ...

This paper explores the role of learning in generative grammar, highlighting interactions between distributional patterns in the environment and the innate structure of the language faculty. Reviewing three case studies, it is shown how learners use their language faculties to leverage the environment, making inferences from distributions to grammars that would not be licensed in the absence of...

The chairman’s statement of the corporate annual report plays an important role in informing decision-making investors. Thus, it is often targeted at international audience. present study compares syntactic complexity translated statements (Chinese to English) and non-translated ones (English), determine that translation conveying message. results show are significantly simpler subordination as...