In this work, aluminum oxide films with excellent passivation effects were prepared on the rear-side surface of passivated emitter and rear cells (PERCs) using a self-developed spatial atomic layer deposition system. Various rear-side surface morphologies were obtained through different etching treatments. We compared the PERCs with standard etching treatment and further polishing processes on ...

Computer science educators have traditionally used algorithm visualization (AV) software to create graphical representations of algorithms that are later used as visual aids in lectures, or as the basis for interactive labs. Based on ethnographic field studies we have conducted in an undergraduate algorithms course, we advocate an alternative teaching approach in which students use simple art s...

The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to obtain tailored graphene as a transparent and flexible gas barrier has been developed. By separating nucleation step from growth, we could reduce early graphene nucleation density and thus induce better stitching between domain boundaries in the second growth step. Furthermore, two step growth in conjunction with electrochemical polishing of Cu foil...

Wepresent first-principles simulations of single grain boundary reflectivity of electrons in noble metals, Cu and Ag. We examine twin and non-twin grain boundaries using nonequilibrium Green’s function and first principles methods. We also investigate the determinants of reflectivity in grain boundaries by modeling atomic vacancies, disorder, and orientation and find that both the change in gra...

Forty three rice genotypes were used to evaluate their aroma detection through sensory test. Aroma was detected by 1.7% KOH as a sensory test. Thirteen rice genotypes were detected having strong aroma; ten had moderate aroma; fifteen had slight aroma and five had no aroma. In case of grain shape study, 37 genotypes were evaluated as slender and six as medium. In this study, grain aroma had sign...

The sensitization and subsequent intergranular corrosion of Al-5.3 wt.% Mg alloy has been shown to be an important factor in stress corrosion cracking of Al-Mg alloys. Understanding sensitization requires the review of grain boundary character on the precipitation process which can assist in developing and designing alloys with improved corrosion resistance. This study shows that the degree of ...

Geological data from measurement of sediment granulation over a 24 hour period in a lake formed by the Matanuska Glacier in Alaska was applied to synthesis parameters. The parameters measured include time, grain size and grain frequency. Several mapping strategies were employed to generate different types of additive and granular synthesis sound materials: 1) time to event grouping, sediment gr...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was (1) to describe intakes of total grain and whole grain in the United States over the past 12 years and major dietary sources, and (2) to determine the relationship between whole grain intake and adiposity measures for children and adults. METHODS Cross-sectional dietary data from the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-12 (...

THE following comments are directed to the sections (2) ‘‘revisit to the grain growth problems in alumina’’ and (3) grain growth without a liquid phase in the article of concern. The purpose of this comment is to challenge the authors’ assertions and refute the following arguments, namely, first that ‘‘MgO can be considered a very effective grain growth promoter in the sintering of alumina,’’ s...

China’s grain-for-green policy of converting steep cultivated land to forest and grassland is one of the most important initiatives to develop its western inland regions. Using a multi-objective programming model, this study assessed the impacts of this policy in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River. In addition to the strategic planning of...