Many unreinforced masonry structures were vulnerable in the past earthquakes and required retrofitting. The vulnerability of could solve by providing numerous retrofitting approaches. However, lack appropriate methods, which provide a solution for historical with lesser effects on their façade, is demanding. In this study, two one-third scale wall specimens made clay bricks tested under constan...

To date, several different structural representations of masonry are available for use in the numerical and analytical assessment methods, each calling a distinct level refinement regarding material input. determine properties, terms strength, stiffness, toughness under compression, bending, shear loading, extensive experimental research is necessary. minimise burden associated with performing ...

4 FRP strengthening systems for infill masonry walls are typically designed to resist flexural stresses due to out-of5 plane pressure. Previous research has shown that there are potential premature failure mechanisms due to shear 6 sliding of the infill, which could reduce the effectiveness of the strengthening system. Current design guidelines for 7 strengthening of masonry walls with fiber-re...

Masonry buildings are generally vulnerable to seismic action, as evidenced extensively in past earthquakes. In order improve their performance, several modifications have been introduced, such reinforcing or confining the masonry. This paper presents a analysis and fragility assessment procedure for non-engineered masonry building typologies, employing applied element method (AEM). Compared wit...

Natural stone is a durable construction material which has been used through centuries for various types of structures. These structures are exposed to corrosive and degradation factors such as climate change and pollution, natural ageing, earthquake actions, increasing urbanization and even human negligence, potentially exposing them to irreversible structural damage and loss. Considering the ...

Mechanical behaviour of old masonry may differ from the theoretical one to a great extent, hence it needs to be properly evaluated for quantifying the safety and serviceability of real structures, in view of their rehabilitation and/or seismic reliability assessment. Among the factors affecting such behaviour, the presence of moisture, mainly from rising damp, plays a key role in the deteriorat...

We present a novel approach for the analysis and design of selfsupporting simplicial masonry structures. A finite-dimensional formulation of their compressive stress field is derived, offering a new interpretation of thrust networks through numerical homogenization theory. We further leverage geometric properties of the resulting force diagram to identify a set of reduced coordinates characteri...