We used bacteriophage T7-encoded transcription inhibitor gene protein 2 (gp2) as a probe to study the contribution of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) beta' subunit jaw domain--the site of gp2 binding--to activator and ATP hydrolysis-dependent open complex formation by the sigma(54)-RNAP. We show that, unlike sigma(70)-dependent transcription, activated transcription by sigma(54)-RNAP...

A waveguide laser in an ytterbium-doped tantalum pentoxide film is reported. The waveguide is formed of a rib of sputtered tantalum pentoxide on top of oxidized silicon with an over-cladding of silica. Emission at a wavelength of 1025 nm was achieved with an absorbed pump power threshold and slope efficiency of ≈29  mW and 27%, respectively, for a cavity formed by a high reflector mirror and an...

investment in oil and gas upstream activities is very important for the exploration and development of oil and gas fields. different and various laws and regulations deal with the investment in upstream operations. by reviewing these various laws and regulations, this research paper tries to discuss to what extent these laws and regulations have created legal confident for foreign investment up...

A beam telescope consisting of four double sided, DC coupled microstrip detectors with VLSI readout electronics has been built and tested in a 70 GeV ? beam at CERN. A signal to noise ratio of 53:1 and a spatial resolution of 2.7m (junction side) and 4.8m (ohmic side) have been observed on the best detectors. A telescope performance for a particle track of xy = 2 ? 3 m and slope = 2 ? 3 rad on ...

In this study, a structure that can effectively prevent overtopping caused by abnormal rainfall was installed in deteriorative agricultural reservoir, and seepage characteristics were compared analyzed through model experiments numerical analysis. The experimental conditions observed installing stepped gabion, vertical parapet combination with gabion retaining wall, geomembrane, core on the dam...

This paper analyzes the issues that face digital circuit design methodologies and tools which address energy-efficient digital circuit sizing. The best known techniques for resolving these issues are presented, along with the sources of error. The analysis demonstrates that input slope independent models for energy and delay and stage based optimization are effective for analyzing and optimizin...

Abstract. High accuracy reconstruction of historical ice flow velocity fields is crucial in mass balance research the Antarctic Ice Sheet by utilizing input-output approach. A Western Pacific Ocean sector region East Antarctica from 1963 to 1989 was mapped and then corrected for its overestimation. In this study, we analyzed spatial distribution values, further assessed relationship between val...

Turbidity currents distribute sediment across the seafloor, forming important archives of tectonic and climatic change on Earth’s surface. current deposition is affected by seafloor topography, therefore understanding interaction turbidity with topography increases our ability to interpret from stratigraphic record. Here, using Shields-scaled physical models currents, we aim better constrain ef...

The superficial layers of the superior colliculus (sSC) appear to function as a subcortical visual pathway that bypasses the striate cortex for the rapid processing of coarse facial information. We investigated the responses of neurons in the monkey sSC during a delayed non-matching-to-sample (DNMS) task in which monkeys were required to discriminate among five categories of visual stimuli [pho...