the aim of this paper is to investigate the bazaars and shopping centers as public spaces. given theweakness of public places and consequently the weakness of social interactions, today’s societies are in dire need ofsocial spaces to increase social interactions. therefore, the review of these two as then and now’s urban spaces couldhelp solve some problems. bazaars are among the oldest iranian...

Since, in the same vein as public spaces, urban green spaces play a significant role in establishing social interactions in the Iranian cities, security concerns need to be taken more seriously in such places than other social environments, the insufficiency of which could diminish their functional capacity. This could in turn lead to a source of subsequent difficulties in urban spaces. Therefo...

Space and society are clearly interrelated in such a way that conceiving of the former without the latter as well as understanding society without its spatial components is impossible. Public urban spaces provide the grounds for citizens' social interactions and communication. More importantly, active presence of people in these areas promotes levels of social interaction, sense of cooperation ...

Urban green spaces or open play a critical role in sustaining urban natural environments and the social systems that use these spaces. Park accessibility is identified as one of major factors influencing park utilization. This study aim to identify Kupang Nostalgia Park. Data were collected through questionnaires from 100 visitors. used descriptive statistics crosstabs analysis. There are relat...

This study examines contemporary shopping centres from a critical standpoint as spatial devices of the current global socio-economic system in which public realm is reduced to an active shopping realm. Thus, shopping centres that are spatial instruments of modern consumption culture are being transformed into means of social disintegration by breaking individual from community. Therefore, the a...