Although the vast accumulation of data from the continent urinary reservoir clearly proves that intussusception of the ileum is a reliable procedure for preventing urine reflux, few reports have appeared on the application of this technique to ileal replacement of the ureter. In an effort to determine if the nipple valve created by the intussuscepted ileum can prevent urine reflux in the ileal ...

PURPOSE The goal of this review is to present current indications, injectable agents, techniques, success rates, complications, and potential future applications of endoscopic treatment for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS The endoscopic method currently achieving one of the highest success rates is the double hydrodistention-implantation technique (HIT). This me...

Primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), traditionally considered a problem of childhood, can also be detected during adulthood. However, while the concept regarding the therapeutic management of VUR in children has undergone revolutionary changes, moving from surgical to conservative approach, the optimal therapeutic approach in adult reflux is poorly addressed and is still unknown. Herein, we rev...

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most common urinary tract abnormality in children, yet the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approach remains controversial. Studies over the past decade have raised significant questions regarding all aspects of VUR management, including the approach to the evaluation of childhood urinary tract infection (UTI). Determining which children will actually benefi...

Vesicoureteric reflux is an important association of paediatric urinary tract infection. Fluoroscopic micturating cystourethrography and radionuclide cystography have been employed for detecting and grading vesicoureteric reflux. However, both modalities involve ionising radiation, which can pose significant radiation risk to growing children. They also have a lower detection rate due to interm...

Vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) is presented in approximately %1 of children and is associated with an increased risk of pyelonephritis and renal scarring. Despite its prevalence and morbidity, many aspects of VUR diagnosis and treatment are controversial. We objectively assessed the published data; the data base for many current diagnoses and treatment patterns of VUR is limited. Recent studies h...

OBJECTIVES Although minimally invasive procedures have created a groundswell, supportive of early intervention as on expedient alternative to surveillance, we present a patient-driven model of care that weighs risk and benefit for each individual. METHODS A practice review was performed for the period 2000-2006. The records of all patients diagnosed by, or referred to, our group (three full-t...

There are many ongoing controversies surrounding vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). These include variable aspects of this common congenital anomaly. Lack of evidence-based recommendations has prolonged the debate. Systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analysis (MA) are considered high-level evidence. The purpose of this review article is to summarize and critically appraise the available SR/MA pertainin...

The current literature suggests that multiple variables affect vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) resolution rates following dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (Dx/HA) injection. This article reviews the evidence pertaining to the effect of injected Dx/HA volume on success rates following endoscopic correction. Lack of prospective studies which use injected volume as a continuous variable coupled w...

Controversy and lack of consensus have been encountered in the management of pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI), including its diagnosis, radiological investigations and the use of antibiotic therapy. In this review, we discuss the need for radiological investigations and the extent of their use as well as the need for prophylactic antibiotics in children with UTI and vesicoureteral reflux...