To evaluate the efficacy of azelnidipine and amlodipine on diabetic nephropathy and atherosclerosis, we designed a prospective and randomized controlled clinical study in type 2 diabetic patients with stable glycemic control with fixed dose of anti-diabetic medication. Although there was no difference in blood pressure between both groups, urinary albumin excretion and maximum carotid intima-me...

BACKGROUND Associations of proteinuria with low-level urinary cadmium (Cd) are currently interpreted as the sign of renal dysfunction induced by Cd. Few studies have considered the possibility that these associations might be non causal and arise from confounding by factors influencing the renal excretion of Cd and proteins. METHODS We examined 184 healthy male workers (mean age, 39.5 years) ...

Increased intraglomerular pressure is considered a major factor for increased albumin excretion in hypertension. However, other factors should also be considered because recent studies in both humans and rats have demonstrated that proteins undergoing filtration and renal passage are extensively modified by renal cell lysosomal processing; >95% of albumin is degraded to peptides that are not de...

Background: Microalbuminuria is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. Physical exercise has effects on urinaryalbumin-creatinine ratio and blood pressure in type 2 diabetic male with microalbuminuria.Objective: To assess the physical urinary albumin-creatinine microalbuminuria.Materials Methods: This prospective interventional study was carried out Department Physiology, Sir Salimu...

BACKGROUND Mexican-Americans (MA) exhibit increases in various cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), yet are reported to have lower CVD mortality rates. Our aim was to help explain this apparent paradox by evaluating endothelial function and urine albumin levels in MA and NHW. METHODS One hundred-five MA and 100 NHW adults were studied by brachial ar...

BACKGROUND Selective urinary biomarkers have been considered superior to total proteinuria in predicting response to treatment and outcome in patients with membranous nephropathy (MN). METHODS We prospectively tested whether urinary (U) excretion of retinol-binding protein (RBP), α1-microglobulin (α1M), albumin, immunoglobulin IgG and IgM and/or anti-phospholipase 2 receptor (PLA(2)R) levels ...

BACKGROUND In the kidney, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) are formed by the same enzyme, l-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, but act on renal function and glomerular structure in an opposite direction. The present study was designed to explore whether rates of renal production of 5-HT relative to that of DA are altered in patients with essential hypertension and microalbuminuria. ...

Background/Aim: Albuminuria is recognized as an early marker of diabetic nephropathy, but glomerular hyperfiltration appears prior to its development. The aim of this study was to assess relationship between the rates of urinary albumin excretion and glomerular filtration in different diabetic kidney disease stages of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: According to urinary albumin excretion rat...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical usefulness of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion for the detection of early tubular damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirty six patients with T2DM were divided into two groups based on urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR): normoalbuminuria (ACR <30 mg/g; n=19) and microalbuminuria (ACR =30-300 mg/g; n=...