Mobile mapping has been the subject of significant research and development by several research teams over the past decade. A mobile mapping system consists mainly of a moving platform, navigation sensors, and mapping sensors. The mobile platform may be a land vehicle, a vessel, or an aircraft. Generally, the navigation sensors, such as GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers, vehicle wheel s...

The project aims to develop, test and apply a Geographical Information System (GIS) for modelling access for wheelchair users in urban areas. The principal focus is to provide a GIS system that will work as a decision support and mapping tool for urban planners. In addition, the system has been designed to encompass future developments, including use as a guidance device to help wheelchair user...

The dazzling development of GIS technology in recent years has rendered each of the traditional , mostly instrumental, views of GIS—as spatial database, mapping tool, and spatial analytical tool—inadequate to capture the fundamental essence of this technology and its social implications. Each year brings new software packages from innovative developers that are easier to use, more powerful, and...

Advances in geographic information system (GIS) technology, developed by geographers, provide new opportunities for environmental epidemiologists to study associations between environmental exposures and the spatial distribution of disease. A GIS is a powerful computer mapping and analysis technology capable of integrating large quantities of geographic (spatial) data as well as linking geograp...

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are a group of organic compounds made up of two or more fused benzene rings in linear, angular or cluster arrangements. the pahs are formed by incomplete combustion or high temperature pyrolytic process involving organic matter. thirty sampling sites were selected to characterize the pahs concentrations in ambient air in tehran. sixteen pahs were measured...

We proceed from the view that linguistic variation must be examined from an aggregate perspective, i.e. from a perspective which encompasses as much of the variation between language varieties as possible rather than concentrating on single linguistic features. We review the motivation for this position in the rst section of the article, and then examine ways in which aggregate variation can be...

Although urban planning has used computer models and information systems since the 1950s and architectural practice has recently restructured to the use of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer drafting software, urban design has hardly been touched by the digital world. This is about to change as very fine scale spatial data relevant to such design becomes routinely available, as 2dimension...