Various cooling methods, including a recently introduced one which smoothes out only quantum fluctuations larger than a given threshold, are applied to the study of topology in 2d CP N−1 models. A critical comparison of their properties is performed. Two-dimensional CP N −1 models play an important role in quantum field theory because they share many properties with QCD. In particular, they pos...

The ability of Clostridium perfringens to germinate and grow in acidified ground beef as well as in 10 commercially prepared acidified beef, pork, and poultry products was assessed. The pH of ground beef was adjusted with organic vinegar to achieve various pH values between 5.0 and 5.6; the pH of the commercial products ranged from 4.74 to 6.35. Products were inoculated with a three-strain coc...

We present an apparatus designed for studies of atom-surface interactions using quantum degenerate gases of (85)Rb and (87)Rb in the vicinity of a room temperature dielectric surface. The surface to be investigated is a super-polished face of a glass Dove prism mounted in a glass cell under ultra-high vacuum. To maintain excellent optical access to the region surrounding the surface, magnetic t...

Renewable energy system is an important concern for sustainable development of the World. Thermodynamic analysis, especially exergy analysis is an intense tool to assess sustainability of the systems. Food processing industry is one of the energy intensive sectors where dairy industry consumes substantial amount of energy among other food industry segments. Therefore, in this study, thermodynam...

Vacuum freeze-dried aorta is a satisfactory material for blood vessel grafting. Previous studies have focused on immunity, however, vacuum freeze-drying is a complicated process of heat and mass transfer, and adopting a programmed cooling process may more completely preserve the mechanical properties of the blood vessels. Irradiation, as a method of removing pathogens, lowers the antigenic acti...

The newly developed 10 mA, 50 keV heavy ion injector T-5010 is intended for use in isotope separators, ion implanters as well as autonomously for researches in the physics and technology of ion sources. It is complete with power supply, control, vacuum and cooling system. The injector layout is shown in Figure 1. The Freeman type ion source with four-electrode accel/decel system is set on the v...

PURPOSE Temperature increase of 5.5 ℃ can cause damage or necrosis of the pulp. Increasing temperature can be caused not only by mechanical factors, e.g. grinding, but also by exothermic polymerization reactions of resin materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate influences of the form material on the intrapulpal temperature during the polymerization of different self-curing resin materia...