When comparing two variables with nonnormal distributions, application of the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test (WMW) is a common choice. However, it is only valid to test the null hypothesis stating equality of the distributions. Sometimes the hypothesis of interest is H0 : P (X < Y ) = P (X > Y ) against P (X < Y ) / = P (X > Y ), called stochastic equality and inequality. Here we propose a bootstra...

The cut polytope P,(G) of a graph G is the convex hull of the incidence vectors of all cuts of G; the cut cone C(G) of G is the cone generated by the incidence vectors of all cuts of G. We introduce the operation of collapsing an inequality valid over the cut cone C(K,) of the complete graph with n vertices: it consists of identifying vertices and adding the weights of the corresponding inciden...

background: an obvious gradient in health outcomes has been implicated in many evidences relating to social and economic factors. proper data are requested to convince policy-makers calling for intersectoral action for health. recently, i.r. of iran has come up with 52 health equity indicators to monitor health equity through the country. conducting regular surveys on 14 out of 52 national heal...

In this paper, we study the relationship between the Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem (ATSP) and the Cycle Cover Problem in terms of the strength of the triangle inequality on the edge costs in the given complete directed graph instance, G = (V, E). The strength of the triangle inequality is captured by parametrizing the triangle inequality as follows. A complete directed graph G = (V, E) ...

This article uses survey data to estimate non-cash income from imputed rents, using a consistent methodology for all countries assemble comparable statistics that allow valid inter-country comparison. We can confirm significant impact of and find an inequality-decreasing effect the unconditional distribution which highly correlates with proportion owner-occupiers in respective countries. Howeve...

In the framework of first-order differential structure introduced by Gigli, we obtain a Gauss–Green formula on regular bounded open sets in doubling metric measure spaces supporting weak Poincaré inequality, valid for BV functions and vector fields with integrable divergence. Then, study least gradient provide an Euler–Lagrange-type formulation problem, using this as main tool.

We consider integral inequalities in the sense of Choquet with respect to Hausdorff content H??. In particular, if ? is a bounded John domain Rn, n?2, and 0?/n.

This study empirically examines the impact of real interest rate on income inequality in India within a Kuznets Curve framework considering role economic growth, trade openness and technological innovation as control variables. employs ARDL bounds test for validating long-run relationship over annual data period 1995 to 2019. The results reveal between series India. findings suggest that initia...