Vanilla planifolia is the most widely cultivated species for obtaining natural vanilla. In Mexico, vanilla production has decreased due to negative effects of climate change. We evaluate current, potential, and future cultivation areas in Mexico using bioclimatic models with distinct change scenarios (intermediate emissions, temperature rise 1.1 2.6 °C, high emissions from 4.8 2050 2070), order...

With single-electron tunneling (SET) technology it is possible to build electronic circuits with extreme low power properties. These SET circuits must therefore operate in the single electronics (current) regime. To simulate SET circuits in this regime, a SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) model has been written In contrast to, the prescriptions in the so-called Orthodo...

The software support for simulation of electrical circuits has been developed for more than sixty years. Currently, the standard tools for simulation of analogous circuits are the simulators based on the open source package Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis generally known as SPICE (Biolek 2003). There are many different applications that provide graphical interface and extend...

The principal psychoactive component of marijuana, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), activates CB1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs). Unfortunately, pharmacological research into the design of effective THC analogs has been hampered by psychiatric side effects. THC-based drug design of a less academic nature, however, has led to the marketing of "synthetic marijuana," labeled as K2 or "Spice," among...

spiceis a widely used simulation tool for electrical circuits and systems. When optoelectronic elements, such as lasers, detectors, modulators, etc., and optical elements, such as lenses, gratings, beam splitters, etc., are incorporated into spice, optoelectronic system simulation can be combined with that of electronic systems, facilitating hybrid system design and analysis. We discuss an opto...

This paper proposes a SPICE model development methodology for quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) cells and presents a SPICE model for QCA cells. The model is validated by simulating the basic logic gates such as inverter and majority voter. The proposed model makes it possible to design and simulate QCA combinational circuits and hybrid circuits of QCA and other NANO devices using SPICE. In th...

We examine how to approximate a Lévy process by a hyperexponential jump-diffusion (HEJD) process, composed of Brownian motion and of an arbitrary number of sums of compound Poisson processes with double exponentially distributed jumps. This approximation will facilitate the pricing of exotic options since HEJD processes have a degree of tractability that other Lévy processes do not have. The id...

Fungal pathogens pose a major problem in causing reduction in yield of vanilla crop to considerable level. Fusarium oxysporum, was isolated from naturally infected vanilla plants and an attempt was made to minimize the damage caused by the pathogen using biocontrol agents Trichoderma harzianum, and Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from soil. The combined inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum wit...