The Gibbs-Bogoliubov formalism in conjunction with the pseudopotential theory is applied to the calculation of the vapour pressure of eight liquid metals from Groups I to IV of the periodic table and of alloys (Na-K). The calculated vapour pressure o f the elements and their temperature dependencies, the partial pressures, activities and boiling points of the alloys are all found to be in reaso...

UK Biobank required a cryogenic facility to store, in vapour phase, a minimum of 5 000 000 1.2 ml capacity micro-tubes held in racks of 96 tubes below -180 degrees C for a 20 year period. The archive would be housed in a 900 m(2) industrial unit remote from the main laboratory area that would be generally unmanned and would require a complete cryogenic infrastructure. A commercial supplier was ...

A microprocessor-controlled anaesthetic vaporizer is described. Fresh gas is mixed in the correct proportions using two pulsed solenoid valves and a proportion of this passes through a third pulsed solenoid valve and is bubbled through liquid halothane. The temperature of the liquid agent is measured and the pulse frequency is modified to give the correct vapour concentration for the set flow r...

The water vapour continuum absorption is an important component of molecular absorption of radiation in atmosphere. However, uncertainty in knowledge of the value of the continuum absorption at present can achieve 100% in different spectral regions leading to an error in flux calculation up to 3-5 W/m 2 global mean. This work uses line-by-line calculations to reveal the best spectral intervals ...

Dehumidification is the process of removing the water vapour from the air. The outside humid air consists of sensible heat load and latent heat load [1]. In conventional system the dehumidification is done by vapour compression system. The sensible heat of the air is removed by reducing the temperature of the air but the latent heat load is removed by cooling the air below dew point temperature...

The DLR airborne water vapour differential absorption lidar (H2O DIAL) was employed as the core instrument on board the research aircraft Falcon 20 to validate the water vapour products of MIPAS on ENVISAT. During a dedicated campaign which was co-ordinated with the high-flying aircraft M55 Geophysika the H2O DIAL measured the 2-dimensional water vapour distribution as well as aerosol propertie...

Decontamination treatments of surfaces are performed on bacterial spores, albumin and brain homogenate used as models of biological contaminations in a low-pressure, inductively coupled plasma reactor operated with water-vapour-based gas mixtures. It is shown that removal of contamination can be achieved using pure H2O or Ar/H2O mixtures at low temperatures with removal rates comparable to oxyg...

Ice nucleation in cold clouds is a decisive step in the formation of rain and snow. Observations and modelling suggest that variations in the concentrations of ice nucleating particles (INPs) affect timing, location and amount of precipitation. A quantitative description of the abundance and variability of INPs is crucial to assess and predict their influence on precipitation. Here we used the ...

Three recent investigations are based on mean values of dry-bulb temperature and vapour pressure for four stations: London Airport, Plymouth, Tynemouth, and Manchester. Using weekly values for the years 1947-1952 inclusive, Bradley and Richmond (1953) concluded that there was a tendency for lower average seasonal temperature/vapour pressure to occur with the lowest incidences of poliomyelitis. ...