Introduction: Although education is among the major socioeconomic status (SES) resources that influence populations’ and individuals’ health, social marginalization may reduce the health gain that follows access to SES indicators such as education, a pattern called marginalization-related diminished return (MDR). The literature on MDRs, however, has been mainly derived from stu...

In this work we present a quantum key distribution protocol using continuous-variable nonGaussian states, homodyne detection and post-selection. The employed signal states are the Photon Added then Subtracted Coherent States (PASCS) in which one photon is added and subsequently one photon is subtracted. We analyze the performance of our protocol, compared to a coherent state based protocol, for...

One of the iconic (yet enigmatic) arguments for human-­ape common ancestry has been the -­globin pseudogene (HBBP1). Evolutionists originally speculated that apparent mutations in HBBP1 were shared mutational mistakes derived from a human-­chimpanzee common ancestor. However, others noted that if the gene was indeed non-­functional, then it should have mutated markedly in the past 3 to 6 millio...

The need for adaptability to the environment, energy conservation, and safety during physical interaction with humans of many advanced robotic applications has prompted the development of a number of Variable Stiffness Actuators (VSA). These have been implemented in a variety of ways, using different transduction technologies (electromechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, but also piezoelectric, act...

Non-structural protein 9 (Nsp9) of coronaviruses is believed to bind single-stranded RNA in the viral replication complex. The crystal structure of Nsp9 of human coronavirus (HCoV) 229E reveals a novel disulfide-linked homodimer, which is very different from the previously reported Nsp9 dimer of SARS coronavirus. In contrast, the structure of the Cys69Ala mutant of HCoV-229E Nsp9 shows the same...

We consider criteria for variational representations of non-Gaussian latent variables, and derive variational EM algorithms in general form. We establish a general equivalence among convex bounding methods, evidence based methods, and ensemble learning/Variational Bayes methods, which has previously been demonstrated only for particular cases.

The states of an atom in external electric fields become quasi-bound since the electron can ionize by tunneling through the potential barrier into the continuum. Due to the external electric field the ionization threshold of the atom is lowered from the field-free value. This process becomes important for states close to the classical ionization energy or above. These resonance states can be st...

Non-binary constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) can be solved in two different ways. We can either translate the problem into an equivalent binary one and solve it using well-established binary CSP techniques or use extended versions of binary techniques directly on the non-binary problem. Recently, it has been shown that the hidden variable encoding is a promising method of translating non-...

Inspired from the recent developments in theories of non-wellfounded syntax (coinductively defined languages) and of syntax with binding operators, the structure of algebras of wellfounded and non-wellfounded terms is studied for a very general notion of signature permitting both simple variable binding operators as well as operators of explicit substitution. This is done in an extensional math...