DEA models help a DMU to detect its (in-)efficiency and to improve activities, if necessary. Efficiency is only one economic aim for a decision-maker; however, up- or downsizing might be a second one. Improving efficiency is the main topic in DEA; the long-term strategy towards the right production size should attract our attention as well. Not always the management of a DMU primarily focuses o...

The calculation of RTS amounts to measuring a relationship between inputs and outputs in a production structure. There are many methods to measure RTS in the primal space or the dual space. One of the main approaches is using the multiplier on the convexity constraint. But returns to scale measurements in DEA models are affected by the presence of regulatory constraints. These additional constr...

This study investigates the directional return to scale of biological institutions in the China Science Academy. In the first stage, the input-output indicators provided including staff, budget of studies, SCI articles, high quality articles and graduate education, etc. In the second stage, the method proposed by Yang (2012) was used to analyse directional return to scale and directional conges...

This paper discusses various statistics for testing hypotheses regarding returns to scale in the context of non-parametric models of technical efficiency. In addition, the paper presents bootstrap estimation procedures which yield appropriate critical values for the test statistics. Evidence on the true sizes and power of the various proposed tests is obtained from Monte-Carlo experiments. This...

This paper discusses returns to scale (RTS) in data envelopment analysis (DEA) for each of the presently available types of models. The BCC and CCR models are treated in input oriented forms while the multiplicative model is treated in output oriented form. (This distinction is not pertinent for the additive model which simultaneously maximizes outputs and minimizes inputs in the sense of a vec...

The paper considers the problem of collective action in an economy with heterogeneous agents. It analyses the effects of resource inequality, valuation heterogeneity, and group size on the expected total provision level of pure public goods with increasing or decreasing returns to scale in production. I find that higher average resource and valuation levels among the agents lead to higher provi...

This chapter discusses returns to scale (RTS) in data envelopment analysis (DEA). The BCC and CCR models are treated in input oriented forms while the multiplicative model is treated in output oriented form. (This distinction is not pertinent for the additive model which simultaneously maximizes outputs and minimizes inputs in the sense of a vector optimization.) Quantitative estimates in the f...