A forecast path refers to the vector of forecasts over the next 1 to h periods into the future. These forecasts are correlated across horizons so that to properly understand the uncertainty associated with the forecast path, one requires the joint predictive density of the path rather than the collection of marginal predictive densities for each horizon. This paper derives the joint predictive ...

‘The study of nutrition and the study of enzymes represent two sides of the same coin’ (Green, 1946). This statement is specially applicable in cases of nutritional oedema and kwashiorkor, both being states of protein malnutrition. Since enzymes are protein in nature it is to be expected that protein malnutrition will lead to a diminution in the quantity of enzymes. Acute starvation in rats pro...

We propose a method for modifying a given density forecast in a way that incorporates the information contained in theory-based moment conditions. An example is "improving" the forecasts from atheoretical econometric models, such as factor models or Bayesian VARs, by ensuring that they satisfy theoretical restrictions given for example by Euler equations or Taylor rules. The method yields a new...

Small–scale VARs are widely used in macroeconomics for forecasting U.S. output, prices, and interest rates. However, recent work suggests these models may exhibit instabilities. As such, a variety of estimation or forecasting methods might be used to improve their forecast accuracy. These include using different observation windows for estimation, intercept correction, time–varying parameters, ...

The main substantive finding of the recent structural vector autoregression literature with a differenced specification of hours (DSVAR) is that technology shocks lead to a fall in hours. Researchers have used these results to argue that business cycle models in which technology shocks lead to a rise in hours should be discarded. We evaluate the DSVAR approach by asking, is the specification de...