Vascular anomalies are a common finding in children. Although most of these lesions are benign, they can be a severe cosmetic problem and cause structural and functional damage to nearby tissues. As a result, physicians are tasked with developing effective treatment options with superior safety profiles. Vascular anomalies may be divided into tumors and malformations. Vascular tumors, such as i...

PURPOSE Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS), the most common genetic syndrome causing cleft palate, is associated with internal carotid and vertebral artery anomalies, as well as upper airway asymmetry. Medially displaced internal carotid arteries, often immediately submucosal, present a risk of vascular injury during pharyngeal flap surgery for velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). We evaluate th...

BACKGROUND The vermilion plays an important role in both the aesthetic and functional aspects of facial anatomy. Due to its structural features, the complete excision of vascular anomalies on the vermilion is challenging, making it difficult to determine the appropriate treatment strategy. Thus, the authors analyzed the results of surgical treatment of vascular anomalies on the vermilion. MET...

Congenital renal fusion anomalies, characterized by either partial or complete fusion of the two kidneys, are represented by horseshoe kidney, crossed renal ectopia with fusion and fused pelvic cake kidney. Though these anomalies may remain asymptomatic, in certain cases they may be associated with pathological conditions like nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis, recurrent urinary tract infections,...