V ascular malformations result from the aberrant development of vascular elements during embryogenesis and fetal maturation. Despite apparent endothelial quiescence, some vascular malformations can expand rapidly during adolescence or pregnancy, after a surgical procedure, or in response to trauma. The pathogenesis of vascular malformations is not well clarified, but their formation and progres...

Vascular medial calcification (VMC), also known as Mönckeberg’s medial sclerosis, is commonly associated with ageing and occurs in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2D) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In these cases, calcium phosphate salts deposit in arterial mediae associated with elastin/collagen-rich extracellular matrix, typically in a linear fashion along the elastic lamina of...

Vascular malformations are anomalies always present at birth that, contrary to hemangiomas, never regress and may grow during lifetime. Clinical presentation of vascular malformations is extremely variable and ranges from asymptomatic spots of mere aesthetic concern to lesions with high blood flow or located in critical sites that may be life-threatening. Given the low incidence of these disord...

Reactive oxygen species have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and restenosis, in part by promoting vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth. Many VSMC growth factors are secreted by VSMC and act in an autocrine manner. Here we demonstrate that cyclophilin A (CyPA), a member of the immunophilin family, is secreted by VSMCs in response to oxidative stress and...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that regulate diverse physiological processes ranging from lipogenesis to inflammation. Recent evidence has established potential roles of PPARs in both systemic and pulmonary vascular disease and function. Existing treatment strategies for pulmona...

Neurovascular dysfunction is an integral part of Alzheimer disease (AD). Changes in the brain vascular system may contribute in a significant way to the onset and progression of cognitive decline and the development of a chronic neurodegenerative process associated with accumulation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) in brain and cerebral vessels in AD individuals and AD animal models. Here, we review t...

Cardiovascular complications are the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. A prominent attribute of diabetic cardiovascular complications is accelerated atherosclerosis, considered as a still incurable disease, at least at more advanced stages. The discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), able to replace old and injured mature endothelial cells and capable of differentiating ...

Tetraspanins are multiple membrane-spanning proteins that likely function as the organizers of membrane microdomains. Tetraspanins associate with other membrane-bound molecules such as cell-adhesion proteins, growth factor receptors, and Ig superfamily members and regulate key cellular processes such as adhesion, migration, and fusion. Tetraspanins are widely expressed in vascular and haematopo...

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had an enormous impact on both the medical community as well society a whole. Research pathogenesis and treatment of disease is rapidly emerging, with new observations hypotheses appearing daily. One aspect that been receiving increasing attention occurrence arterial venous thrombotic complications in patients COVID-19. We report three cases thromboemboli...

Global viticulture has seen decreases in fruit yield and vine longevity over the past two decades. Our understanding of underlying causes is limited by complex interactions among different factors involved technical challenges that limit investigations these interactions. In Bortolami et al. (2021a) we investigated interaction between main drivers grapevine decline, drought vascular disease (es...