We determine the leading Fock-state light front wave functions (LF-LFWFs) of $\rho$ and J/$\psi$ mesons, for first time from Dyson-Schwinger Bethe-Salpeter equations (DS-BSEs) approach. A unique advantage this method is that it renders a direct extraction LF-LFWFs in presence number higher Fock-states. Modulated by current quark mass driven dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DCSB), we find $J/...

A photon structure is advanced based on the experimental evidence and vector potential quantization at a single level. It shown that neither point particle nor an infinite wave but behaves rather like local “wave-corpuscle” extended over wavelength, occupying minimum volume guided by non-local real function. The quantized oscillates wavelength with circular left or right polarization giving bir...

Several new classes of compounds can be modeled in first approximation by electrons on the triangular lattice that interact through on-site repulsion U as well as nearest-neighbor repulsion V. This extended Hubbard model on a triangular lattice has been studied mostly in the strong coupling limit for only a few types of instabilities. Using the extended two-particle self-consistent approach ETP...

The values of the principal indices of reftaction determine the properties of the optical indicatrix. The directions of the ray paths associaGd with a wave normal ultimately alepend on the indices of refraction. The directions of the wave normal and ray paths need not coincide in anisotropic media. To find a ray path for a given wave normal, two items of information must be extracted from the p...

The identification of the refractive index and the wave vector for general (possibly active) linear, isotropic, homogeneous, and nonspatially dispersive media is discussed. Correct conditions for negative refraction necessarily include the global properties of the permittivity and permeability functions epsilon=epsilon(omega) and mu=mu(omega). On the other hand, a necessary and sufficient condi...

The apparently intractable shape of a fold in a compressed elastic film lying on a fluid substrate is found to have an exact solution. Such systems buckle at a nonzero wave vector set by the bending stiffness of the film and the weight of the substrate fluid. Our solution describes the entire progression from a weakly displaced sinusoidal buckling to a single large fold that contacts itself. Th...