An outdoor pot experiment was carried out in sand culture to investigate the response of spinach (Spinacia oleracea ) cv. “Matador” grown at high salinity to supplementary phosphorus and potassium. Plants were tested during a period from germination to vegetative growth stage. Treatments initiated for seedling and more matured vegetative growth stages were (1) complete nutrient solution alone (...

Redox activity was measured in vegetative and generative apical parts (5 mm of the stem) and youngest leaves of winter (cv. "G6rczański") and spring (cv. "Młochowski") rape. Both genotypes were cultured under the same growth conditions (17/15 degrees C day/night, 16 h photo-period), but winter rape was additionally vernalized (5/2 degrees C day/night, 56 days) in order to induce the generative ...

Live organisms from containment laboratories must be inactivated with a valid protocol, or subsequently sterility tested prior to removal from containment and worked with in a lower level of containment. For bioforensic analysis, many specimens that are imaged using electron microscopy (EM) come from BSL2, BSL-3 and BSL-4 containment laboratories. Current literature documents many procedures fo...

A woman suffered from massive blunt injuries in a motor vehicle accident at a presumed 4 weeks' gestation, but she successfully carried the fetus for an additional 29 weeks. Premature labor began at 33 weeks' gestation and a live 1,890 g male was delivered. His development was normal for the 12-months postnatal follow-up period. The patient remained in a persistent vegetative state. Only 12 cas...

In shallow rainfed rice agro-ecosystems, drought stress can occur at any growth stage and can cause a significant yield reduction. During recent years, some rice varieties possessing tolerance of reproductive-stage drought stress have recently been developed. Tolerance of vegetative-stage drought stress is also required to improve rice productivity in drought-prone regions. In this study, we ev...

BACKGROUND Filamentous Zygnematophyceae are typical components of algal mats in the polar hydro-terrestrial environment. Under field conditions, they form senescent vegetative cells, designated as pre-akinetes, which are tolerant to desiccation and osmotic stress. KEY FINDINGS Pre-akinete formation and desiccation tolerance was investigated experimentally under monitored laboratory conditions...

Wheat is a photo-insensitive and thermosensitive long day plant. It requires cool climate during the early part of its growth. Temperature plays a dominant role for wheat production in India. Both the start and end of wheat crop season are limited by temperature regimes. Within the growing season itself, warmer temperature shortens the vegetative crop duration. Wheat grain yield and quality are...

Knowledge of seasonal maximum potential growth rates are important for assessing periods of resource limitations in fruit tree species. In this study we assessed the periods of resource limitation for vegetative (current year stems, and woody biomass) and reproductive (fruit) organs of a major agricultural crop: the apple tree. This was done by comparing relative growth rates (RGRs) of individu...

Branching in temperate plants is closely linked to bud fates, either floral or vegetative. Here, we review how the fate of meristematic tissues contained in buds and their position along a shoot imprint specific branching patterns which differ among species. Through examples chosen in closely related species in different genera of the Rosaceae family, a panorama of patterns is apparent. Pattern...

Abstract Cold resistance of fruit tree buds is very important. Climate change brings unstable winters, and the temperature often fluctuates creates many problems in growing. Research on bud cold damage was conducted during three years (2019–2021) at Institute Horticulture. Three Latvian plum cultivars, ‘Ance’, ‘Adelyn’, ‘Sonora’, were studied, while cultivar ‘Jubileum’ used as a control. This s...