India has become one of the biggest emitters of atmospheric pollutants from the road transportation sector globally. Here we present an up-to-date inventory of the exhaust emissions of ten species. This inventory has been calculated bottom-up from the vehicle mileage, differentiating by seven vehicle categories, four age/technology layers and three fuel types each, for the seven biggest cities ...

The objective of this study was to examine ammonia (NH3) exhaust emissions as a function of different vehicle operating conditions and cycles. A total of eight vehicles with low-emission vehicle (LEV) to super-ultra-low-emission vehicle (SULEV) certification were tested over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP75), a US06 cycle, a hot running 505, a New York City Cycle (NYCC), and a specially design...

This paper presents a technical and financial analysis of several, potentially near-zero greenhouse gas emission passenger vehicles for Australian driving conditions. Conventional, series hybrid, plug-in hybrid (PHEV) and fully electric (BEV) vehicles of class B and class E sizes are considered, with their propulsive energy assumed to originate from a source that is free of net greenhouse gas e...

COPERT is a globally used software tool used to calculate air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions produced by road transport, and its scientific development is managed by the European Commission. The software estimates all types of emissions including hot running, start, evaporative and non-exhaust (tire wear, brake wear). Previous studies showed that a similar software used in Australia nee...

[1] The evolution of engine-generated chemiions in a vehicle tailpipe or in a sampling transfer line is studied and the key parameters controlling chemiion concentration at the exit plane are investigated. We find that the observed higher number concentration but smaller size of nuclei mode particles associated with shorter transfer line residence time, enhanced nanoparticle emission associated...

Abstract—This paper describes how to dimension the electric components of a 48V hybrid system considering real customer use. Furthermore, it provides information about savings in energy and CO2 emissions by a customer-tailored 48V hybrid. Based on measured customer profiles, the electric units such as the electric motor and the energy storage are dimensioned. Furthermore, the CO2 reduction pote...

although there are remarkable differences in drivers’ behavior as well as vehicles characteristics, road capacity estimationmethods in developing countries are same as developed ones. so, the discrepancy between the theoretical andpractical values of capacity is inevitable. although, capacity estimation methods can be classified based on numerousparameters, in developing countries, the availabi...

In this study we investigated the statistical relationship between particle and semivolatile organic chemical constituents in gasoline and diesel vehicle exhaust samples, and toxicity as measured by inflammation and tissue damage in rat lungs and mutagenicity in bacteria. Exhaust samples were collected from "normal" and "high-emitting" gasoline and diesel light-duty vehicles. We employed a comb...

Ethanol use in vehicle fuel is increasing worldwide, but the potential cancer risk and ozone-related health consequences of a large-scale conversion from gasoline to ethanol have not been examined. Here, a nested global-through-urban air pollution/weather forecast model is combined with high-resolution future emission inventories, population data, and health effects data to examine the effect o...

Vehicle emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), organic aerosol (OA), and black carbon (BC) were measured at the Caldecott tunnel in the San Francisco Bay Area. Measurements were made in bore 2 of the tunnel, where light-duty (LD) vehicles accounted for >99% of total traffic and heavy-duty trucks were not allowed. Prior emission studies conduct...