While simple models can be helpful in identifying basic features of muscle function, more complex models are needed to discern the functional roles of specific muscles in movement. In this paper, two very different models of walking, one simple and one complex, are used to study how muscle forces, gravitational forces and centrifugal forces (i.e. forces arising from motion of the joints) combin...

Three-dimensional simulations of a thermally stably stratified gas with a localized layer of toroidal magnetic field are carried out. The magnetic field gives rise to a magnetic buoyancy instability. Due to the presence of rotation the resulting fluid motions are helical and lead to an -effect, i.e. to a component of the electromotive force in the direction of the mean magnetic field. The value...

Left-right symmetrical distal limb conformation can be an important prerequisite for a successful performance, and it is often hypothesized that asymmetric or uneven feet are important enhancing factors for the development of lameness. On a population level, it has been demonstrated that uneven footed horses are retiring earlier from elite level competition, but the biomechanical consequences a...

Investigation of vertical vibrations of a railway turnout is important in designing track components under moving loads of trains. In this paper, the turnout is simulated by a linear finite element model with modal damping. A section of the turnout has a length of 36 sleeper spans surrounding the crossing. Rails and sleepers are modeled with uniform Rayleigh-&#10Timoshenko beam elements. The ra...

ABSTRACT-This paper aims to develop a new design of a bentleg (BL) plow and to determine its performance as compared to the conventional one using finite element approach. The difference between the modified and conventional BL plows is the direction of angle between the projection of cutting blade on horizontal plane normal to plow shank and the line perpendicular to the plow shank in the same...

Three-dimensional simulations of a thermally stably stratified gas with a localized layer of toroidal magnetic field are carried out. The magnetic field gives rise to a magnetic buoyancy instability. Due to the presence of rotation the resulting fluid motions are helical and lead to an α-effect, i.e. to a component of the electromotive force in the direction of the mean magnetic field. The valu...

We measured the eye movements of three sisters with Niemann-Pick type C disease who had a selective defect of vertical saccades, which were slow and hypometric. Horizontal saccades, and horizontal and vertical pursuit and vestibular eye movements were similar to control subjects. The initial movement of oblique saccades was mainly horizontal and most of the vertical component occurred after the...