In this communication, we demonstrate the inter-conversion of crystal structure of aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films from highly (002) plane oriented vertical growth to (103) plane oriented lateral growth by adjusting the polarity of the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on glass substrates at room temperature.

Efficient out-of-plane charge transport is required in vertical device architectures, such as organic solar cells and organic light emitting diodes. Here, we show that graphene, transferred onto different technologically-relevant substrates, can be used to induce face-on molecular stacking and improve out-of-plane hole transport in copper phthalocyanine thin films.

INTRODUCTION Multiple cephalometric analyses are used to diagnose vertical skeletal facial discrepancy. A multitude of times, these parameters show conflicting results, and a specific diagnosis is hard to reach. OBJECTIVE Hence, this study aimed to identify the skeletal analysis that performs best for the identification of vertical skeletal pattern in borderline cases. METHODS The sample co...

Neocortical precursor cells undergo symmetric and asymmetric divisions while producing large numbers of diverse cortical cell types. In Drosophila, cleavage plane orientation dictates the inheritance of fate-determinants and the symmetry of newborn daughter cells during neuroblast cell divisions. One model for predicting daughter cell fate in the mammalian neocortex is also based on cleavage pl...

BACKGROUND Neuromuscular training that includes both plyometric and dynamic stabilization/balance exercises alters movement biomechanics and reduces ACL injury risk in female athletes. The biomechanical effects of plyometric and balance training utilized separately are unknown. HYPOTHESIS A protocol that includes balance training without plyometric training will decrease coronal plane hip, kn...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate, by means of cephalometric appraisal, the vertical effects of non-extraction treatment of adult anterior open bite with clear aligners (Invisalign system, Align Technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA). METHODS Lateral cephalograms of 30 adult patients with anterior open bite treated using Invisalign (22 females, 8 males; mean age at start of treat...

Accurate alignment and vertical channel instability play an important role in the strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS), especially in the case that precise navigation has to be achieved over long periods of time. Due to poor initialization as well as the cumulative errors of low-cost inertial measurement units (IMUs), initial alignment is not sufficient to achieve required navigation ac...

One of the signs of the cerebellar ocular motor syndrome is the inability to maintain horizontal and vertical fixation. Typically, in the presence of cerebellar atrophy, the eyes show horizontal gaze-evoked and vertical downbeat nystagmus. We investigated whether or not the cerebellar ocular motor syndrome also includes a torsional drift and, specifically, if it is independent from the drift in...

Consider the unit triangular lattice in the plane with origin O, drawn so that one of the sets of lattice lines is vertical. Let l and l′ denote respectively the vertical and horizontal lines that intersect O. Suppose the plane contains a pair of triangular holes of side length two, distributed symmetrically with respect to l and l′ and oriented so that both holes point toward the origin. In th...

Does language influence the production and perception of gestures? The metaphorical use of language in representing time is deeply interlinked with actions in space, such as gestures. In Chinese, speakers can talk and gesture about time as if it were horizontal, sagittal, or vertical. In English, speakers rarely employ the vertical plane. Two experiments showed that the verbal use of vertical s...